Punjab Location

Punjab is located in north western India which is encircled by Pakistan in the west, Jammu and Kashmir in the north, Himachal Pradesh in its northeast and Haryana and Rajasthan in the south. Punjab lies within the latitudes of 29.30° North to 32.32° North and longitudes 73.55° East to 76.50° East.

Punjab comprises of a vast area of 50,362 square kilometers. Punjab occupies 1.54% of India's total geographical area. Chandigarh is its capital city.

Due to the unique location of Punjab, the people living in the state are well versed in Hindi although their mother tongue is Punjabi. Most of the people are fluent in English and Urdu especially those living in the cities.

The location of Punjab is marked by a large number of rivers. This makes most of Punjab a fertile plain. Tributaries of the rivers Indus, Ravi, Sutlej, Beas and Ghaggar flow towards the southeast traveling across the entire state. There are numerous sub-tributaries of the said rivers that forms a foundation for the most extensive canal system in India.

The southeast part of the state bears a semi-arid location and presents a desert landscape. A series of undulating hills stretch along the northeastern part of the state at the foot of the Himalayas.

The state animal of Punjab is the Black Buck - locally called kala hiran. The location of the state is very much suitable as a habitat of the Baz (eastern Goshawk) which thereby makes it the state bird. State tree of Punjab is Shisham.

The location of Punjab has given it three different climatic patterns: