{"id":117065,"date":"2022-04-01T12:06:38","date_gmt":"2022-04-01T06:36:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/?p=117065"},"modified":"2022-04-01T12:06:38","modified_gmt":"2022-04-01T06:36:38","slug":"chapter-4-carbon-and-its-compounds-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-10-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/education\/chapter-4-carbon-and-its-compounds-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-10-science","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 4 – Carbon and its Compounds Questions and Answers: NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science"},"content":{"rendered":"

Question 1
\nWhat would be the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula CO2 ?<\/h2>\n

Answer:<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nQuestion 2
\nWhat would be electron dot structure of sulphur which is made up of eight atoms of sulphur.<\/h2>\n

Answer:<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nQuestion 1
\nHow many structural isomers can you draw for pentane ?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThree, these are n-pentane, iso-pentane and neo-pentane.<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nQuestion 2
\nWhat are the two properties of carbon which lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we see around us ?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(i) Tetravalency
\n(ii) Catenation.<\/h3>\n

Question 3
\nWhat will be the formula and electron dot structure of cyclopentane ?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe molecular formula of cyclopentane is C5 H10 .
\nThe electron dot structure of cyclopentane is given on the next page.<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nQuestion 4
\nDraw the structures for the following compounds :
\n(i) Ethanoic acid
\n(ii) Bromopentane
\n(iii) Butanone
\n(iv) Hexanal<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(i) Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH)<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\n(ii) Bromopentane (C5H11Br)<\/h3>\n

\"\" \"\"
\n(iii) Butanone (CH3 \u2014 CH2 \u2014 COCH3)<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\n(iv) Hexanal (C5H11CHO)<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nStructural isomers for bromopentane: There are three structural isomers for bromopentane depending on the position of Br at carbon 1, 2, 3.<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nQuestion 5
\nHow would you name the following compounds ?<\/h2>\n

\"\"
\nAnswer:
\n(i) Bromoethane
\n(ii) Methanal
\n(iii) 1 \u2013 Hexyne<\/h3>\n

Question 1
\nWhy is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction ?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nConversion of ethanol into ethanoic acid is an oxidation reaction because addition of oxygen to a substance is called oxidation. Here, oxygen is added to ethanol by oxidising agent like alkaline potassium permanganate or acidified potassium dichromate and it is converted into acid.<\/h3>\n

\"\" \"\"
\nQuestion 2
\nA mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you tell why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used ?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nA mixture of ethyne and air is not used for welding because burning of ethyne in air produces a sooty flame due to incomplete combustion, which is not enough to melt metals for welding.<\/h3>\n

Question 1
\nHow would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid ?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDifferences between alcohol and carboxylic acid<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Test<\/strong><\/td>\nAlcohol<\/strong><\/td>\nCarboxylic acid<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(i) Litmus test<\/td>\nNo change in colour.<\/td>\nBlue litmus solution turns red.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate test<\/td>\nC2H5OH + NaHCO3\u00a0\u2192 No reaction No brisk effervescence.<\/td>\nCH3COOH + NaHCO3\u00a0\u2192 CH3COONa + H2O + CO2\u00a0Brisk effervescence due to evolution of CO2.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(iii) Alkaline potassium permanganate<\/td>\nOn heating, pink colour disappears.<\/td>\nDoes not happen so.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Question 2
\nWhat are oxidising agents ?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nOxidising agents are the substances which give oxygen to another substances or which remove hydrogen from a substance.
\nFor example, acidic K2Cr2O7 is an oxidising agent, that converts (oxidises) ethanol into ethanoic acid.<\/h3>\n

Question 1
\nWould you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent ?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nNo, because detergents can lather well even in hard water. They do not form insoluble calcium or magnesium salts (scum). On reacting with the calcium ions and magnesium ions present in the hard water.<\/h3>\n

Question 2
\nPeople use a variety of methods to wash clothes. Usually after adding the soap, they \u2018beat\u2019 the clothes on a stone, or beat it with a paddle, scrub with a brush or the mixture is agitated in a washing machine. Why is agitation necessary to get clean clothes ?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt is necessary to agitate to get clean clothes because the soap micelles which entrap oily or greasy particles on the surface of dirty cloth have to be removed from its surface. When the cloth wetted in soap solution is agitated or beaten, the micelles containing oily or greasy dirt get removed from the surface of dirty cloth and go into water and the dirty cloth gets cleaned.<\/h3>\n

Question 1
\nEthane, with the molecular formula C2H6 has
\n(a) 6 covalent bonds
\n(b) 7 covalent bonds
\n(c) 8 covalent bonds
\n(d) 9 covalent bonds<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) 7 covalent bonds.<\/h3>\n

Question 2
\nButanone is a four-carbon compound with the functional group
\n(a) carboxylic acid
\n(b) aldehyde
\n(c) ketone
\n(d) alcohol<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Ketone.<\/h3>\n

Question 3
\nWhile cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that
\n(a) the food is not cooked completely.
\n(b) the fuel is not burning completely.
\n(c) the fuel is wet.
\n(d) the fuel is burning completely.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) The fuel is not burning completely.<\/h3>\n

Question 4
\nExplain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in CH3Cl.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nCovalent bond is formed by sharing of electrons so that the combining atoms complete their outermost shell.
\nIn CH3Cl : C = 6, H = 1 and Cl = 17 And their electronic configuration is C \u2013 2,4, H \u2013 1 and Cl \u2013 2, 8, 7<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nThree hydrogen atoms complete their shells by sharing three electrons (one electron each) of carbon atom.
\nChlorine completes its outer shell by sharing its one out of seven electrons with one electron of carbon atom.
\nThus carbon atom shares all its four electrons with three hydrogen atoms and one of chlorine atom and completes its outermost shell and single covalent bonds are formed in CH3Cl.<\/h3>\n

Question 5
\nDraw the electron dot structures for
\n(a) ethanoic acid
\n(b) propanone
\n(c) H2S
\n(d) F2.<\/h2>\n

Answer:<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nQuestion 6
\nWhat is a homologous series ? Explain with an example.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nHomologous series : A homologous series is a group of organic compounds having
\nsimilar structures and similar chemical properties in which the successive compounds differ by -CH2 group.<\/h3>\n

Question 7
\nHow can ethanol and ethanoic acid he differentiated on the basis of their physical and chemical properties ?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDifference on the basis of physical properties<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Property<\/strong><\/td>\nEthanol<\/strong><\/td>\nEthanoic acid<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(i) State<\/td>\nLiquid<\/td>\nLiquid<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(ii) Odour<\/td>\nSweet smell<\/td>\nPungent vinegar-like smell<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(iii) Melting point<\/td>\n156 K<\/td>\n290 K<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(iv) Boiling point<\/td>\n351 K<\/td>\n391 K<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Difference on the basis of chemical properties<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Test<\/strong><\/td>\nEthanol<\/strong><\/td>\nEthanoic acid<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(i) Litmus test<\/td>\nNo change in the colour of litmus solution.<\/td>\nBlue litmus solution turns red.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate test<\/td>\nC2H5OH + NaHCO3 \u2192 No reaction No brisk effervescence.<\/td>\nCH3COOH + NaHCO3 \u2192 CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 Brisk effervescence due to evolution of CO2.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(iii) Alkaline potassium permanganate<\/td>\nOn heating, pink colour disappears.<\/td>\nDoes not happen so.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Question 8
\nWhy does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water ? Will a micell be formed in other solvents such as ethanol also ?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nMicelle formation takes place when soap is added to water because the hydrocarbon chains of soap molecules are hydrophobic (water repelling) which are insoluble in water, but the ionic ends of soap molecules are hydrophilic (water attracting) and hence soluble in water.
\nSuch micelle formation will not be possible in other solvents like ethanol in which sodium salt of fatty acids do not dissolve.<\/h3>\n

Question 9
\nWhy are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications ?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nCarbon and its compounds give a large amount of heat per unit weight and are therefore, used as fuels for most applications.<\/h3>\n

Question 10
\nExplain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nHard water contains salts of calcium and magnesium. Calcium and magnesium on reacting with soap form insoluble precipitate called scum. The scum formation lessens the cleansing property of soaps in hard water.<\/h3>\n

Question 11
\nWhat change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nRed litmus will turn blue because soap is alkaline in nature. Blue litmus remains blue in soap solution.<\/h3>\n

Question 12
\nWhat is hydrogenation ? What is its industrial application ?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated hydrocarbon to obtain a saturated hydro-carbon is called hydrogenation. The process of hydrogenation takes place in the presence of nickel (Ni) or palladium (Pd) metals as catalyst.<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nApplication : The process of hydrogenation has an important industrial application. It is used to prepare vegetable ghee (or vanaspati ghee) from vegetable oils.<\/h3>\n

Question 13
\nWhich of the following hydrocarbons undergo addition reactions :
\nC2H6, C3H8, C3H6, C2H2 and CH4<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nAddition reactions take place only in unsaturated hydrocarbons. So addition reaction take place only in C3H6 and C2H2.<\/h3>\n

Question 14
\nGive a test that can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nButter is a saturated carbon compound while cooking oil is an unsaturated carbon compound. An unsaturated compound decolourises bromine water, while a saturated compound cannot decolourise it. So we can distinguish chemically between a cooking oil and butter by the bromine water. Add bromine water to a little of cooking oil and butter taken in separate test-tubes.
\n\u2022 Cooking oil decolourises bromine water showing that it is an unsaturated compound.
\n\u2022 Butter does not decolourise bromine water showing that it is a saturated compound.<\/h3>\n

Question 15
\nExplain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps.
\nOR
\nExplain the cleansing action of soaps.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nWhen a dirty cloth is put in water containing dissolved soap, then the hydrocarbon end of the soap molecules in micelle attach to the oil or grease particles present on the surface of dirty cloth. In this way the soap micelle entraps the oily or greasy particles by using its hydrocarbon ends. The ionic ends of the soap molecules in the micelles, however, remain attached to water. When the dirty cloth is agitated in soap solution, the oily and greasy particles present on its surface and entrapped by soap micelles get dispersed in water due to which the soap water becomes dirty but the cloth gets cleaned. The cloth is cleaned thoroughly by rinsing in clean water a number of times.<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nQuestion 1
\nWhat would be the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula CO2?<\/h2>\n

Solution:<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nQuestion 2
\nWhat would be the electron dot structure of a molecule of sulphur, which is made up of eight atoms of sulphur? (Hint \u2013 The eight atoms of sulphur are joined together in the form of a ring.)<\/h2>\n

Solution:<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nQuestion 3
\nHow many structural isomers can you draw for pentane?<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\nWe can draw 3 structural isomers for pentane.<\/h3>\n

Question 4
\nWhat are the two properties of carbon that lead to the huge number of carbon compounds we see around us?<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\nDue to its large valency, carbon atoms can form covalent bonds with a number of carbon atoms as well as with a large number of other atoms such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine and many more atoms. This leads to the formation of a large number of organic compounds.<\/h3>\n

Question 5
\nWhat will be the formula and electron dot structure of Cyclopentane?<\/h2>\n

Solution:<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nQuestion 6
\nDraw the structures for the following compounds.
\ni. Ethanoic acid
\nii. Bromopentane
\niii. Butanone
\niv. Hexanal<\/h2>\n

Solution:<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nQuestion 7
\nHow would you name the following compounds?<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\ni. Ethyl bromide
\nii. Formaldehyde
\niii. Hexyne<\/h3>\n

Question 8
\nWhy is the conversion of ethanol to Ethanoic acid an oxidation reaction?<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\nThe conversion of ethanol into ethanoic acid is called an oxidation reaction because oxygen is added to it during this conversion.<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nQuestion 9
\nA mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you tell why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used?<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\nWhen a mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt, it burns completely producing a blue flame. This blue flame is extremely hot which produced a very high temperature which is used for welding metals. But the mixture of ethyne and air is not used for welding purposes because burning of ethyne in air produces a sooty flame, which is not enough to melt metals for welding.<\/h3>\n

Question 10
\nWhat are oxidizing agents?<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\nOxidizing agents are the substances that gain electrons in an redox reaction and whose oxidation number is reduced.<\/h3>\n

Question 11
\nExplain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation of CH3Cl.<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\nCH3Cl(methyl chloride) is made up of one carbon atom, three hydrogen atoms and one chlorine atom. Carbon atom has 4 valence electrons, each hydrogen atom has one valence electron, and a chlorine atom has 7 valence electrons. Carbon atom shares its four valence electrons with three hydrogen atoms and 1 chlorine atom to form methyl chloride as follows:<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nFrom the above reaction, in the dot structure of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) there are four pairs of shared electrons between carbon and other atoms. Each pair of shared electrons constitutes one single covalent bond. So, methyl chloride has four single covalent bonds.<\/h3>\n

Question 12
\nDraw the electron dot structures for-<\/h2>\n

Solution:<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nQuestion 13
\nWhat is a homologous series? Explain with an example.<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\nHomologous series is a series of compounds with a similar general formula, possessing similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group, and shows a gradation in physical properties as a result of increase in molecular size and mass. For example, methane has a lower boiling point than ethane since it has more intermolecular forces with neighbouring molecules. This is because of the increase in the number of atoms making up the molecule.<\/h3>\n

Question 14
\nHow can ethanol and Ethanoic acid be differentiated on the basis of their physical and chemical properties?<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\n(i) Ethanol has a pleasant smell whereas ethanoic acid has the smell of vinegar.
\n(ii) Ethanol has a burning taste whereas ethanoic acid has a sour taste.
\n(iii) Ethanol has no action on litmus paper whereas ethanoic acid turns blue litmus paper red.
\n(iv) Ethanol has no reaction with sodium hydrogencarbonate but Ethanoic acid gives brisk effervescence with sodium hydrogencarbonate.<\/h3>\n

Question 15
\nWhy does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water? Will a micelle be formed in other solvents such as ethanol also?<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\nMicelle formation takes place when soap is added to water. This is because when soap is added to water in which dirty clothes are soaked, the two parts of the soap molecule dissolves in two different mediums. The organic tail dissolves in the dirt, grime or grease and the ionic head dissolves in water. When the clothes are rinsed or agitated, the dirt gets pulled out of the clothes in the water by the soap molecule. In this way the soap does its cleaning work on dirty and grimy clothes or hands.
\nThe soap molecules actually form a closed structure because of mutual repulsion of the positively charged heads. This structure is called a micelle.<\/h3>\n

Question 16
\nWhy are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications?<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\nCarbon and its compounds are used as fuels for most of the applications because they burn in air releasing a lot of heat energy.<\/h3>\n

Question 17
\nExplain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\nThe precipitate form of scum is formed when soap is used for washing clothes. With hard water, a large amount of soap is wasted in reacting with the calcium and magnesium ions of hard water to form an insoluble precipitate. The precipitate form formed by the action of hard water on soap, sticks to the clothes being washed and interferes with the cleaning ability of the additional soap. This makes the cleaning of clothes difficult.<\/h3>\n

Question 18
\nWhat change will you observe if you test soap with litmus paper (red and blue)?<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\nSoap is the salt of a strong base (NaOH) and a weak acid (carboxylic acid), so a solution of soap in water is basic in nature. Being basic, a soap solution turns red litmus paper blue.<\/h3>\n

Question 19
\nWhat is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\nIt is a class of chemical reactions in which the net result is addition of hydrogen (H2) to unsaturated organic compounds such as alkenes, alkynes, etc. Hydrogenation is widely applied to the processing of vegetable oils and fats. Complete hydrogenation converts unsaturated fatty acids to saturated ones.<\/h3>\n

Question 20
\nC2H5, C3H8, C3H6, C2H2 and CH4<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\nAlkenes and alkynes (unsaturated hydrocarbons) undergo addition reactions. From the above hydrocarbons C2H2 is an alkyne, whereas C3H6 is an alkene. So, C3H6 and C2H2 will undergo addition reactions.<\/h3>\n

Question 21
\nGive a test that can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil.<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\nBromine water test can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil. Add bromine water to a little of cooking oil and butter taken in separate test tubes. <font
\na. Decolourising of bromine water by cooking oil (unsaturated compound)
\nb. Butter (saturated compound) does not decolourise bromine water<\/h3>\n

Question 22
\nExplain the mechanism of the cleaning action of soaps.<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\nWe all know that soap is used to remove dirt and and grime from substances. Generally dirt and grime get stuck because they have an oily component, which is difficult to remove, by plain brushing or washing by water. A soap molecule has two parts, a head and a tail i.e. the long chain organic part and the functional group \u2013COO\u2013 Na+.
\nA soap molecule has a tadpole like structure shown below.
\nThe organic part is water insoluble but is soluble in organic solvents or in oil or grease. The ionic part is soluble in water, as water is a polar solvent. When soap is added to water in which dirty clothes are soaked, the two parts of the soap molecule dissolve in two different mediums. The organic tail dissolves in the dirt, grime or grease and the ionic head dissolves in water. When the clothes are rinsed or agitated, the dirt gets pulled out of the clothes, by the soap molecule. In this way soap does its cleaning work on dirty and grimy
\nclothes or hands.
\nThe soap molecules actually form a closed structure because of mutual repulsion of the positively charged heads. This structure is called a micelle. The micelle pulls out the dirt and grime more efficiently.<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nQuestion 23
\nWould you be able to check if water is hard by using a detergent?<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\nWe would not be able to check whether a sample of water is hard by using a detergent, this is because a detergent forms lather easily even with hard water.<\/h3>\n

Question 24
\nPeople use a variety of methods to wash clothes. Usually after adding the soap, they \u2018beat\u2019 the clothes on a stone, or beat ii with a paddle, scrub with a brush or the mixture is agitated in a washing machine. Why is agitation necessary to get clean clothes?<\/h2>\n

Solution:
\nIt is necessary to shake to get clean clothes because the soap micelles, which entrap oily or greasy particles on the surface of dirty clothes, have to be removed from their surface. When the clothes which are wet by soap solution are beaten, the micelles containing oil or greasy dirt particles get removed from the surface of dirty clothes and go into water and the dirty cloth gets cleaned.<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nBuckminster fullerene is an allotropic form of [NCERT Exemplar]
\n(a) phosphorus
\n(b) sulphur
\n(c) carbon
\n(d) tin<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Buckminster fullerene is an allotrope of carbon containing clusters of 60 carbon atoms joined together to form spherical molecules. Its formula isC60 (C-sixty). It is a dark solid at room temperature and as compared to another allotropic form of carbon (diamond and graphite), it is neither very hard nor soft.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nThe hetero atoms present in
\nCH3 \u2013 CH2 \u2013 O \u2013 CH2 \u2013 CH2Cl are [NCERT Exemplar]
\n(i) oxygen
\n(ii) carbon
\n(iii) hydrogen
\n(iv) chlorine
\n(a) (i) and (ii)
\n(b) (ii) and (iii)
\n(c) (iii) and (iv)
\n(d) (i) and (iv)<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Atoms other than C and H, if present in organic compound, are called heteroatoms.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nIn which of the following .compounds -OH is the functional group? [NCERT Exemplar]
\n(a) Butanone
\n(b) Butanol
\n(c) Butanoic
\n(d) Butanal<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Butanol, CH3\u2014CH2\u2014CH2\u2014CH2\u2014OH
\nThe general formula of alcohols is CnH2n+1\u2014 OH.
\nFor butanol, n = 4. So, formula is
\nC4H9\u2014OH or CH3\u2014CH2\u2014CH2\u2014CH2\u2014OH<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nThe soap molecule has a [NCERT Exemplar]
\n(a) hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail
\n(b) hydrophobic head and a hydrophilic tail
\n(c) hydrophobic head and a hydrophobic tail
\n(d) hydrophilic head and a hydrophilic tail<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) A soap molecule is made up of two parts- a long hydrocarbon part and a short ionic part \u2014COONa+ group. The long hydrocarbon chain is hydrophobic (water repelling) and ionic portion is hydrophilic (water attracting).
\n\"\"<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nStructural formula<\/h2>\n

\"\"
\nAnswer:
\n(c) Benzene molecule contains alternate single and . double bonds. Its formula is C6H6. In structure (b) formula is C6H12. In structure (a) double bond is not at alternate position. In (d) formula is C6H8.<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWhich of the following is not a straight chain hydrocarbon?<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/h3>\n

Answer:<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nchain hydrocarbon not straight chain hydrocarbon. Rest three are straight chain hydrocarbons.<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nWhich among the following are unsaturated hydrocarbons?<\/h2>\n

\"\"
\n(a) (i) and (iii)
\n(b) (ii) and (iii)
\n(c) (ii) and (iv)
\n(d) (iii) and (iv)<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Unsaturated hydrocarbons have double or triple bond in the structure. Both (ii) and (iv) structures have triple and double carbon-carbon bonds respectively.<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nChlorine reacts with saturated hydrocarbons at room temperature in the [NCERT Exemplar]
\n(a) absence of sunlight
\n(b) presence of sunlight
\n(c) presence of water
\n(d) presence of hydrochloric acid<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Chlorine reacts with saturated hydrocarbon at room temperature in the presence of sunlight.<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nQuestion 9.<\/h2>\n

\"\"
\nIn the above given reaction, alk.KMnO4 acts as
\n(a) reducing agent
\n(b) oxidising agent
\n(c) catalyst agent
\n(d) dehydrating<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) KmnO4 acts as oxidising agent, because it removes hydrogen from CH3CH2OH and adds one oxygen to it.<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\nButanone is a four carbon compound with functional group [NCERT Exemplar]
\n(a) carboxylic acid
\n(b) aldehyde
\n(c) ketone
\n(d) alcohol<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) In butanone, the functional group is<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nQuestion 11.
\nIdentify the unsaturated compounds from the following [NCERT Exemplar]
\n(i) Propane
\n(ii) Propene
\n(iii) Propyne
\n(iv) Chloropropane
\n(a) (i) and (ii)
\n(b) (ii) and (iv)
\n(c) (iii) and (iv)
\n(d) (ii) and (iii)<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Propene, CH3CH=CH2 (ii) and propyne, CH3\u2014 C = CH (iii) both have double and triple bonds, respectively, hence are unsaturated compounds.<\/h3>\n

Question 12.
\nWhich of the following does not belong to the same homologous series? [NCERT Exemplar]
\n(a) CH4
\n(b) C2H6
\n(c) C3H8
\n(d) C4H8<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Because succesive members of a homologous series differ by \u2014CH2 unit.<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nThus, C4H10 is the next member of this series. So, homologous series of alkanes is:
\nmethane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10).
\nSo, C4H8 does not belong to the homologous series.<\/h3>\n

Question 13.
\nEthane with molecular formula C2H6 has [NCERT Exemplar]
\n(a) 6 covalent bonds
\n(b) 7 covalent bonds
\n(c) 8 covalent bonds
\n(d) 9 covalent bonds<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Structure formula of ethane (C2H6) is<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nIt is clear that it has 7 covalent bonds.<\/h3>\n

Question 14.
\nWhich of the following are correct structural isomers of butane?<\/h2>\n

\"\"
\n(a) (i) and (iii)
\n(b) (ii) and (iv)
\n(c) (i) and (ii)
\n(d) (iii) and (iv)<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Structure (i) is n-butane and structure (iii) is iso-butane. Since, molecular formula is same, only structures are different. So, (i) and (iii) are isomers while structures (ii) and (iv) have molecular formulaC4H8.<\/h3>\n

Question 15.
\nIn the soap micelles, [NCERT Exemplar]
\n(a) the ionic end of soap is on the surface of the cluster while the carbon chain is in the interior of the cluster
\n(b) ionic end of soap is in the interior of the cluster and the carbon chain is out of the cluster
\n(c) Both ionic end and carbon chain are in the interior of the cluster
\n(d) Both ionic end and carbon chain are on the exterior of the cluster<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) A \u2018spherical aggregate of soap molecules\u2019 in the soap solution in water is called a \u2018micelle\u2019. In a soap micelle, the soap molecules are arranged readily with hydrocarbon ends directed towards the centre and ionic ends directed outwards.<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nQuestion 16.
\nVinegar is a solution of [NCERT Exemplar]
\n(a) 50% \u2013 60% acetic acid in alcohol
\n(b) 5% \u2013 8% acetic acid in alcohol
\n(c) 5% \u2013 8% acetic acid in water
\n(d) 50% \u2013 60% acetic acid in water<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) A 5%-8% solution of acetic acid in water is called vinegar.<\/h3>\n

Question 17.
\nOils on treating with hydrogen in the presence of palladium or nickel catalyst form fats. This is an example of [NCERT Exemplar]
\n(a) addition reaction
\n(b) substitution reaction
\n(c) displacement reaction
\n(d) oxidation reaction<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Oils are unsaturated compounds containing double bonds. Addition reactions are characteristic property of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The given reaction is an example of addition reaction.<\/h3>\n

Question 18.
\nCarbon forms four covalent bonds by sharing its four valence electrons with four univalent atoms, e.g. hydrogen. After the formation of four bonds, carbon attains the electronic configuration of
\n(a) helium
\n(b) neon
\n(c) argon
\n(d) krypton<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Electronic configuration of carbon (C) = 2, 4 when it forms four covalent bonds by sharing its four valence electrons with hydrogen, it forms CH4 molecule like this<\/h3>\n

\"\"
\nNow, electronic configuration of C in CH
\n4 = 2, 8.
\nAtomic number of Ne is 10. Its electronic K L configuration is 2,8. Therefore, after the formation of four bonds, carbon attains the electronic configuration of neon.<\/h3>\n

Question 19.
\nMineral acids are stronger acids than carboxylic acids because
\n(i) mineral acids are completely ionised.
\n(ii) carboxylic acids are completely ionised.
\n(iii) mineral acids are partially ionised.
\n(iv) carboxylic acids are partially ionised.
\n(a) (i) and (iv)
\n(b) (ii) and (iii)
\n(c) (i) and (ii)
\n(d) (iii) and (iv)<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Mineral acids are strong acids which ionise almost completely and carboxylic acids are weak acids which ionise only pardally.<\/h3>\n

Question 20.
\nWhile cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that
\n(a) food is not cooked completely
\n(b) the fuel is not burning completely
\n(c) fuel is wet
\n(d) fuel is burning completely<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) The unburnt particles of the fuel present in smoke blacken the vessel from outside.<\/h3>\n

Question 21.
\nThe reaction in which a reagent (partially or completely) replaces atom or group of atoms from saturated compounds or A are called B reaction.
\nHere, A and B respectively refers to
\n(a) unsaturated compounds, addition
\n(b) unsaturated compounds, substitution
\n(c) benzene, substitution
\n(d) alkene, addition<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Substitution reaction is usually given by saturated compounds and benzene. Unsaturated compounds usually give addition reactions.<\/h3>\n

Question 22.
\nThe table gives information about some esters and the fragrance they produce.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Ester<\/strong><\/td>\nFragrance<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ethyl methanoate<\/strong><\/td>\nRum<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Methyl butanoate<\/strong><\/td>\nApple<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ethyl butanoate<\/strong><\/td>\nPineapple<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Propyl ethanoate<\/strong><\/td>\nPear<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Which structure do the ester compounds in the table have in common?<\/h2>\n

\"\"
\nAnswer:
\n(d) All esters have the common structure of carboxylic group represented by the suffix date.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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