\nCBR = Bi\/P xlOOO
\nHere, CBR = crude birth rate,
\nBi = Number of live births in a year,
\nP = the estimated midyear population of that year.<\/b><\/td>\n
\nformula:
\nCDR= D\/P xlOOO
\nHere, CDR = crude death rate,
\nD = Number of deaths in a year,
\nP = the estimated midyear population of that year<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(ii)
\nDistinguish between Push factors and pull factors of migration:<\/h2>\n
| Push factors<\/b><\/td>\n | Pull factors<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n| These factors are the ones which makes a place less attractive for human settlement.<\/b><\/td>\n | These factors are the ones which makes a place an attractive destination for settlement.<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | These factors forces people to move out- hence face emigration.<\/b><\/td>\n | These factors force inflow of people \u2013 hence face immigration.<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | Examples: Unemployment, poor living conditions, political turmoil, unpleasant climate, natural disasters, epidemics and socio-economic backwardness.<\/b><\/td>\n | Examples: Better job opportunities, better living conditions, peace and stability, security of life and property and pleasant climate.<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n | 4. Answer the following questions in about 150 words:\nThe factors influencing the distribution and density of population in the world may be classified into three broad categories, which may again be sub divided into minor factors. They are enumerated below: \nGeographical factors: \nAvailability of water: It is the most important factor of life. People prefer to live in areas where fresh water is readily available. Water is essential for development of agriculture and carrying out day to day activities. \nLand forms: People prefer to live in flat plains and gentle slopes as they are favorable for the production of crops and in building roads and industries. The mountainous and uneven terrain offers obstacles in infrastructure development activities that hamper human development hence are less populated. Eg. Himalayan region\u2019s in India. \nClimate: People prefer living in areas that do not have extreme climatic conditions that is areas that do not have high diurnal and annual range of temperature and also which have adequate rainfall. Eg. Mediterranean regions. \nSoils: Fertile soils are important for agricultural and allied activities. Therefore areas which have fertile loamy soils, have more people living on them as these can support intensive agriculture. Eg. Northern plains. \nEconomic factors: \nMinerals: Areas rich in minerals attract industries. Mining and allied activities generate employment. Skilled and semi skilled workers move to these areas and make them densely populated. Eg. Katanga Zambia copper belt in Africa. \nIndustrialization: Industrial belts provide job opportunities and attract large numbers of people. These include not only factory workers but also transport operators, shopkeepers, doctors and other professionals. \nExample; The Kobe- Osaka industrial region of Japan. \nUrbanization: Better employment opportunities, educational and medical facilities, better means of transport and communication attract people to cities. It leads to rural-urban migration and hence cities grow in size. Eg. a large number of people move to cities like .Delhi, Mumbai, etc. and hence make them densely populated. \nSocial and cultural factors: Some places attract more people because they have religious or cultural significance. In the same way, people tend to move away from places where there is social and political unrest. Example; emigration of people from civil war affected areas of Africa. Many a times government offers incentives to people to live in sparsely populated areas. Example; Indira Gandhi canal colonies.<\/h3>\n (ii)\nDemographic transition theory can be used to describe and predict the future population of any area. The theory tells us that the population of any region changes from high births and high deaths to low births and low deaths as a society progresses from rural, agrarian and illiterate to urban, industrial and literate society. These changes occur in stages, which are collectively known as the demographic cycle. \nThe first stage has high fertility and high mortality rates because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply. Population growth is slow and most people are engaged in agriculture where large families are an asset. Life expectancy is low; people are mostly illiterate and have low levels of technology. Two hundred years ago all the countries were in this stage. \nIn the second stage, fertility remains high in the beginning, but it declines with time. This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions lead to decline in mortality. Because of this gap the net addition to population is high. This results in population explosion. Eg. Countries like India. \nIn the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanized, literate and has high technical know how and deliberately controls the family size. Some countries even face negative growth of population, E.g., many Western European countries. \nMap Skill:<\/h3>\n (iii)
Question 1.\nThe world at the beginning of the 21st century recorded the presence of over 6 billion people.<\/h3>\n Question 2.\nGeorge B Cressey said that \u2018Asia has many places where people are few and few places where people are many\u2019.<\/h3>\n Question 3.\n60% of world\u2019s population is contributed by 10 countries. 6 of them are in Asia.<\/h3>\n Question 4.\nPopulation density is the ratio between the number of people and the size of the land.<\/h3>\n Question 5.\nNE USA, NW Europe, South, South east and East Asia.<\/h3>\n Question 6.\nNorth and South Poles and hot and cold deserts of the world.<\/h3>\n Question 7.\nNorway and Sweden.<\/h3>\n Question 8.\nPeople migrate for ^\/better economic and social life.<\/h3>\n Question 9.\nRoughly 8 million was the population of the world around 8000-12000 years back.<\/h3>\n Question 10.\nIt took 12 years to increase the world\u2019s population from 5 billion to 6 billion.<\/h3>\n Question 11.\nTime takes for a region to double it\u2019s population at the current growth rate.<\/h3>\n Question 12.\nLiberia has the highest growth rate of population (8.2%). \nLatvia has the lowest growth rate of population (-1.5%).<\/h3>\n Question 13.\nThere is a negative correlation between population growth and economic development.<\/h3>\n Question 14.\nDepletion of resources is the most serious problem of population\u2019 growth.<\/h3>\n Question 15.\nWorld : 37 Years and India : 36 years.<\/h3>\n Question 16.\n1st stage : Bangladesh 2nd stage : Sri Lanka 3rd stage : USA<\/h3>\n Question 17.\nFamily planning is the spacing or preventing the birth of children.<\/h3>\n Question 18.\nPopulation distribution refers to the way people are spaced over the earth\u2019s surface. Patterns of population distribution and density help us to understand the demographic characteristics of any area.<\/h3>\n Question 19.\nHot Deserts \u2014 Sahara, Kalahari, Atacama and West Australia. \nExtremely Cold Areas\u2014Northern Part of Canada, Greenland and Northern Part of Siberia. \nCold Deserts \u2014 Areas of Central Asia. \nEquatorial Region \u2014 Amazon basin of South America and Zaire basin of Africa.<\/h3>\n Question 20.\nMigration changes the size of population of an area by either addition (due to immigration) or subtraction (due to emigration) in the number of people.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" |
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