{"id":117675,"date":"2022-04-13T13:24:57","date_gmt":"2022-04-13T07:54:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/?p=117675"},"modified":"2022-04-13T14:07:10","modified_gmt":"2022-04-13T08:37:10","slug":"chapter-5-primary-activities-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-12-geography-fundamentals-of-human-geography","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/education\/chapter-5-primary-activities-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-12-geography-fundamentals-of-human-geography","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 5 – Primary Activities Questions and Answers: NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography: (Fundamentals of Human Geography)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
\n(i)
\nWhich one of the following is not a plantation crop?
\n(a) Coffee
\n(b) Sugarcane
\n(c) Wheat
\n(d) Rubber<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Wheat<\/h3>\n

(ii)
\nIn which one of the following countries co-operative farming was the most successful experiment?
\n(a) Russia
\n(b) Denmark
\n(c) India
\n(d) The Netherlands<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Denmark<\/h3>\n

(iii)
\nGrowing of flowers is called:
\n(a) Truck farming
\n(b) Factory farming
\n(c) Mixed fanning
\n(d) Floriculture<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Floriculture<\/h3>\n

(iv)
\nWhich one of the following types of cultivation was developed by European colonists?
\n(a) Kolkoz
\n(b) Viticulture
\n(c) Mixed farming
\n(d) Plantation<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Plantation<\/h3>\n

(v)
\nIn which one of the following regions is extensive commercial grain cultivation not practised?
\n(a) American Canadian prairies
\n(b) European Steppes
\n(c) Pampas of Argentina
\n(d) Amazon Basin<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Amazon Basin<\/h3>\n

(vi)
\nIn which of the following types of agriculture is the farming of citrus fruit very important?
\n(a) Market gardening
\n(b) Mediterranean agriculture
\n(c) Plantation agriculture
\n(d) Co-operative farming<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Mediterranean agriculture<\/h3>\n

(vii)
\nWhich one type of agriculture amongst the following is also called \u2018slash and bum agriculture?
\n(a) Extensive subsistence farming
\n(b) Primitive subsistence farming
\n(c) Extensive commercial grain cultivation
\n(d) Mixed farming<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Primitive subsistence farming<\/h3>\n

(viii)
\nWhich one of the following does not follow monoculture?
\n(a) Dairy farming
\n(b) Mixed farming
\n(c) Plantation agriculture
\n(d) Commercial grain farming<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Mixed farming<\/h3>\n

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words:
\n(i)
\nFuture of shifting cultivation is bleak. Discuss.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThese days the biggest problem being faced by the shifting cultivators is of shortening cycles of jhum, which makes the entire practice unsustainable.
\nAlso there are several restrictions imposed by governments through forest acts etc., which hinder the free movement of
\ntribes and practice of shifting cultivation.
\nShifting cultivation is sustainable (only for self -consumption) in nature, hence it is unable to meet with the market demand and therefore there is no scope for it in the increasing globalized markets.
\nWith the infiltration of non tribals in the tribal areas, tribals are adopting to modem agricultural practices which are more productive and environmentally sustainable.
\nTo support a small population, a huge land resource base is required, ultimately it leads to soil erosion and land degradation.<\/h3>\n

(ii)
\nMarket gardening is practiced near urban areas. Why?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nMarket gardening specializes in the cultivation of high value perishable crops such as vegetables, fruits and flowers, solely for the urban markets. They are situated close to urban markets mainly because of the high value crops.
\nThe crops are costly, hence they need to be situated close to a market where people have high purchasing power and also demand for high valued crops. In such a situation urban areas are the perfect markets.
\nThese crops are perishable in nature; hence farms cannot be situated far away from the main market. Therefore, farms are situated close to the urban markets so as to prevent crops from getting stale.<\/h3>\n

(iii)
\nLarge scale dairy farming is the result of the development of transportation and refrigeration.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDairy products are highly perishable in nature. They have a very small shelf life. For their supply to overseas and distant markets, adequate storage facilities with regulated temperature and storage conditions is essential. Initially supply of dairy products was limited to nearby markets but development of storage, preservation and transportation facilities have widened their coverage.
\nModem transportation such as refrigerated trucks, ships with special cargoes and faster means of transportation like airways provide with adequate facilities, which allow transportation of dairy products to far off markets without spoilage. Refrigeration prevents dairy products from getting spoiled. It increases their durability. Hence dairy products can be sold over far off places.<\/h3>\n

3. Answer the following questions in not more than 150 words:
\n(i)
\nDifferentiate between Nomadic Herding and Commercial Livestock Rearing.<\/h2>\n

Answer:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Nomadic Herding<\/td>\nCommercial Livestock Rearing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(i) In nomadic herding herders move with their animals from place to place, and rely on them totally for food, cloth and transportation.<\/td>\n(i) Commercial livestock rearing is a modern practice of rearing animals for export of animal products.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(ii) It is a primitive subsistence activity.<\/td>\n(ii) It is a modern scientific, market oriented activity.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(iii) Multiple animals are kept depending upon the region.<\/td>\n(iii) Single type of animals are kept.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(iv) Herders keep on moving with animals from one place to another according to availability of pasture and water. They also practice transhumance. The area of a tribe is decided by matter of tradition.<\/td>\n(iv) It is carried out on huge permanent ranches which are scientifically managed parcels<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(v) Generally related to nomadic tribes<\/td>\n(v) Associated with western developed countries.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(vi) Little or no capital is utilized.<\/td>\n(vi) High capital intake and spent on caring, feeding, breeding of animals.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(vii) Primarily a subsistence activity, in which herder rely on animals for their need of food, cloth, transportation etc.<\/td>\n(vii) It is market oriented activity where animals like horse, sheep are reared to obtain products like meat, hides etc. for sales in national as well as international markets.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(viii) No modern technological support.<\/td>\n(viii) It is highly mechanized<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

(ii)
\nDiscuss the important characteristic features of plantation agriculture. Name a few important plantation crops from different countries.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nOriginally introduced by the Europeans in colonies situated in the tropics, plantation agriculture is
\ndistinct from other kinds of agricultural practises because of its specific features.
\nThe characteristic features of this type of farming are:
\nProfit oriented large-scale production system
\nLarge estates and plantations
\nHuge capital investment
\nTotally market oriented
\nScientific method of cultivation
\nCheap and large skilled labour supply
\nMonoculture
\nIt is a link between agriculture and industry.
\nThey are provided with well-developed transportation facilities where raw material provided by them is processes.
\nImportant Plantation Crops:
\nThe French established cocoa and coffee plantations in West Africa.
\nThe British set up
\nLarge tea gardens in India and Sri Lanka,
\nRubber plantations in Malaysia and
\nSugarcane and banana plantations in West Indies.
\nSpanish and Americans invested heavily in coconut and sugarcane plantations in the Philippines.
\nThe Dutch once had monopoly over sugarcane plantation in Indonesia.
\nSome coffee fazendas (large plantations) in Brazil are still managed by Europeans.
\nVery Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWhich was the first activity carried out by human beings?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nHunting and gathering are then oldest activities carried out by human beings.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWho are the red collar workers?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nPeople engaged in primary activities are called red collar workers due to the oudoor nature of their work.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nWhy do the products from gathering activities cannot compete in the world market?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nProducts of these activities cannot compete in the world market as
\nSynthetic products of better quality and lower prices have replaced many items supplied by gatherers in the tropical forests, unable to face competition.
\nAs it is a low technology subsistence activity not much surplus is there.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWhich factors affect the choice of animals in different regions of nomadic herding?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nPeople living in different climatic conditions domesticate animals found in those regions. They move from one place to another along with their livestock, depending upon the amount and quality of water and pasture.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nDefine nomadic herding or pastoral nomadism.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt is a primitive subsistence activity in which the herders rely on their animals for food, clothing, shelter, tools and transport. They move from one place to another along with their livestock, depending upon the amount and quality of water and pasture.<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWhy is the number of pastoral nomads decreasing?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nNumber of pastoral nomads fias been decreasing and the areas under them are shrinking because of
\nimposition of political boundaries
\nnew settlement plans by different countries.<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nName the areas where commercial livestock rearing is practised.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe areas are: New Zealand, Australia, Argentina, Uruguay and United States of America.<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nDefine subsistence agriculture.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nSubsistence agriculture is the agriculture in which the producers consume most of the products grown. The output is generally for consumption by farmer and his family.<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nWhat are the other names of primitive subsistence agriculture?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nShifting cultivation and slash and burn agriculture.<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\nWhat is shifting agriculture known as in the following?
\n(i) Central America and Mexico
\n(ii) Indonesia and Malaysia
\n(iii) North-east India.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nCentral America and Mexico \u2014Milpa
\nIndonesia and Malaysia\u2014Ladang
\nNorth East India\u2014Slash and burn (Jhuming).<\/h3>\n

Q11.
\nGive the major plantation crops of the following countries:
\n(i) Sri Lanka
\n(ii) West Indies
\n(iii) Malaysia
\n(iv) Philippines<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nSri Lanka \u2013 Tea
\nWest Indies \u2013 Sugarcane and banana
\nMalaysia \u2013 Rubber plantation
\nPhilippines \u2013 Coconut and sugarcane<\/h3>\n

Question 12.
\nWhat is the plantation crop of Brazil? What is the name given to the plantation farms?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe plantation crop of Brazil is coffee and the farms are called Fazendas.<\/h3>\n

Question 13.
\nDefine viticulture.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nViticulture is grape cultivation which is speciality of Mediterranean region.<\/h3>\n

Question 14.
\nDefine truck farming.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt is the type of farming where farmers specialize in and grow vegetables only. The distance of truck farms from the market is governed by the distance a truck can cover overnight.<\/h3>\n

Question 15.
\nDefine factory farming.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nFactory farming is a modern development in the industrial regions of West Europe where livestock specially poultry and cattle rearing is done in stalls and pens and fed on manufactured feedstuff and carefully supervised against diseases.<\/h3>\n

Question 16.
\nWhich country first introduced collective farming?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nErstwhile Soviet Union, under the socialist regime first introduced collective farming.<\/h3>\n

Question 17.
\nName two countries where cooperative farming is successful.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nCooperative farming has been very successful in Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden and Italy. (Any two)<\/h3>\n

Question 18.
\nDefine mining.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nMining is a primary activity which involves the extraction of minerals from surface or beneath the surface of the earth\u2019s crust for further processing.<\/h3>\n

Question 19.
\nDefine primary activity.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nAll the economic activities which are directly dependent on nature are primary activities. They refer to the utilization of Earth\u2019s resources such as land, water, vegetation, building materials and minerals, etc. It includes hunting gathering, pastoralism, fishing, lumbering, forestry, agriculture and mining.<\/h3>\n

Question 20.
\nWhat do you mean by economic activities?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nHuman activities which generate income are known as economic activities. Economic activities are broadly grouped into four categories:
\nPrimary Activities
\nSecondary Activities
\nTertiary Activities
\nQuaternary Activities<\/h3>\n

Question 21.
\nCommercial livestock rearing is a specialized activity. Substantiate.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nCommercial livestock rearing is a specialized activity because under this only one type of animal is reared. Important animals include sheep, cattle, goats and horses. The products obtained by these animals like meat, skin and wool, hides are processed and packed scientifically to be exported to world markets.<\/h3>\n

Question 22.
\nWhat do you mean by Extensive Commercial Grain Agriculture?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIn this type of farming, wheat is the principal crop and the size of farm is very large and entire operations of cultivation from ploughing to harvesting are mechanized.<\/h3>\n

Question 23.
\nWhy is dairy farming practised mainly near urban and industrial centres?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nFresh milk and dairy products produced in the dairy farming are easily sold in the neighborhood urban market. Dairy products are perishable commodities therefore they have to be sold at the earliest. Urban centers are large market for the daily products.<\/h3>\n

Question 24.
\nWhat do you mean by cooperative farming? .<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nCo-operative farming is done under a cooperative society formed by a group of farmers. Under this, all farmers of the society pool in their resources voluntarily for more efficient and profitable farming. Individuals farms remain intact and fanning is a matter of cooperative initiative.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Class 12 Geography: (Fundamentals of Human Geography) NCERT book solutions for Chapter 5 – Primary Activities Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21830,"featured_media":117599,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-117675","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-education"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117675","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21830"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=117675"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117675\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":117677,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117675\/revisions\/117677"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/117599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=117675"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=117675"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=117675"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}