{"id":118102,"date":"2022-04-20T12:06:46","date_gmt":"2022-04-20T06:36:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/?p=118102"},"modified":"2022-04-20T12:06:46","modified_gmt":"2022-04-20T06:36:46","slug":"chapter-3-the-story-of-indian-democracy-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-12-sociology-social-change-and-development-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/education\/chapter-3-the-story-of-indian-democracy-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-12-sociology-social-change-and-development-in-india","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 3 – The Story of Indian Democracy Questions and Answers: NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Sociology: (Social Change and Development in India)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1.Interest groups are part and parcel of a functioning democracy. Discuss.<\/h2>\n

Ans.
\nInterest groups are organised to pursue specific interest in the political arena,
\noperating primarily by lobbying the members of the legislative bodies.
\nWhen certain groups feel that their interests are not being taken up, they may move to form an alternative party.
\nDemocracy is a form of government for the people, by the people and of the people. In this system interest groups are formed for specific interest.
\nInterest groups are private organisation. They are formed to influence public policy.
\nThese are non political systems and their main goal are to take care of their own interest.
\nPolitical parties are established organisations with the aim of achieving governmental power and using that power to pursue a specific programme. Different interest groups will work towards influencing political parties.
\nThese organisations are regarded as movements until they achieve recognition.
\nThe interest groups play a significant role in Indian democracy and they perform various important functions such as:
\n(a)Formation of Public Opinion:\u00a0Using various forms of propaganda and communication, they mould public opinion. To get goodwill of public opinion and change in administrative system in their own favour they use T.V., radio, Email and various forms of social media, twitter and face book.
\n(b)Function at the time of Natural Disaster:\u00a0These interest groups provide help during natural calamity like Himalayans Tsunami at Kedamath or earthquakes etc. By doing such social activities they get public attention and favour and they influence the government.<\/h3>\n

2. Read the snippets from the debates held in the Constituent Assembly. Identify the interest groups. Discuss what kind of interest groups exist in contemporary India. How do they function?<\/h2>\n

Ans. Snippets from the debates
\n\u2022K.T. Shah said that the right to use full employment could and should be made real by a categoric obligation on the part of the state to provide useful work to every citizen who was able and qualified.
\n\u2022B. Das spoke against classifying the functions of the government as justiciable and non-justiciable. \u201cI think it is the primary duty of Government to remove hunger and render social justice to every citizen and to secure social security\u2026\u201d. The teeming millions do not find any hope that the Union Constitution\u2026 will ensure them freedom from hunger, will secure them social justice, will ensure them a minimum standard of living and a minimum standard of public health\u201d.
\nAmbedkar\u2019s answer was as follows:
\n\u2022\u201cThe Draft Constitution as framed only provides a machinery for the government of the country. It is not a controversy to install any particular party in power as has done in some countries. Who should be in power is left to be determined by the
\npeople, as it must be, if the system is to satisfy the tests of democracy.
\n\u2022On land reform Nehru said, that social forces were such that law could not stand in the way of reforms, interesting reflection on the dynamic between the two. \u201cIf law and Parliament do not fit themselves into the changing picture, they cannot control the situation\u201d.
\nOn the protection of the tribal people and their interests, leaders like Jaipal Singh
\nwere assured by Nehru in the following words during the Constituent Assembly \u201e debates: \u201cIt is our intention and our fixed desire to help them as possible; in as
\nefficient a way as possible to protect them from possibly their rapacious neighbours occasionally and to make them advance\u201d.
\n\u2022Even as the Constituent Assembly adopted the title Directive Principles of State Policy to the rights that courts could not enforce, additional principles were added with unanimous acceptance. These included K. Santhanam\u2019s clause that the state shall organise village punchayats and endow them with the powers and authority to be effective units of local self government.
\n\u2022T.A. Ramalingam Chettiar added the clause for promotion of cottage industries on co-operative lines in rural areas. Veteran parlimentarian Thakurdas Bhargava added that the state should organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modem
\n\u2022lines.
\n\u2022 Interest groups are people outside the government who support the political parties to gain favours from them when they are in power. These are private organisation formed to influence public policy. They are non political groups whose main aim is to uphold their own interest.Political parties are not political parties. In India interest groups adopt two methods i.e. to influence the legislative committees and to help people at the time of natural calamity.
\n\u2022In contemporary India ASSOCHAM, FICCI, Labour Unions, Student\u2019s union,Farmers union, women\u2019s organisations are example of pressure group and interest groups.<\/h3>\n

3. Create a \u2018phad\u2019 or a scroll with your own mandate when standing for school election.(This could be done in small group of 5, like a panchayat).<\/h2>\n

Ans. Being member of school Panchayat we will focus on following areas:
\n\u2022Panchayat members will try to inculcate self discipline among students. Being students we will function as a role model for rest of the students.
\n\u2022Being co-educational school, we will create an environment where girls get respect
\nand security so that indirectly we will provide a solid base for a healthy society.
\n\u2022We will take care of developing a system, through which students develop habit of self study and special coaching for professional courses may be arranged in the school.
\n\u2022Panchayat will take care of special children and remedial teaching for them.
\n\u2022Panchayat will coordinate with the Principal and may function as a pressure group to take care of proper student-teacher ratio, admission policy of the school, proper uniform, distribution of mid-day- meal etc.
\n\u2022Panchayat will also coordinate with the Principal and Managing staff to take care
\nof games, sports, co-curricular activities and use of technology in school education.<\/h3>\n

4. Have you heard of Bal Panchayats and Mazdoor Kissan Sanghathan? If not, find out and write a note about them in about 200 words.<\/h2>\n

Ans. Bal Panchayat: My school follows a prefectoral system. The school has four houses. ,From each house, the house masters and the house children elect five prefects on the basis of their academic performances, leadership traits and their antecedents regarding .contribution for the curricular and co-curricular activities of the house. The principal,teachers and 20 prefects elect head boy of the school.
\nThe head boy functions as a prototype of the school. He\/she is responsible for discipline, school environment, curricular and co-curricular activities, social interaction particularly with the other schools and is accountable for student\u2019s activities in the school.
\nThe head boy particularly coordinates with the principal, headmasters, and house masters with the help of 20 prefects and helps in proper functioning of school buses, maintenance of assets, school fields, taking care of school property and by and large school discipline.
\nMazdoor Sanghathan:\u00a0In 1920, first All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was established.
\n\u2022It was initiated by the congress but in 1929 hijacked by the communists.
\n\u2022Indian Trade Union Congress (INTUC) untraced by the congress, Hind Mazdoor Sabha organised by the socialists and Bhartiya Mazdoor Sabha linked with Bhartiya Janta Party earlier Jan Sangh.
\nThese trade unions played a very significant role in the recruitment, wage policy, functioning, living conditions, hire and fire policy and by and large developing a political and social awareness among the workers.
\nKissan Sanghthan:\u00a0India is a country of villages. Even today 75% of Indian population is living in villages and depends on agriculture.
\nEarlier this population was not politically aware with their rights. They were very much traditional and attached to their customs and rituals but due to congress and communists now the kissans of India are politically very mature, are aware with their strength and providing strong base to Indian democracy. This is very much proved in 2014 election when these peasants voted for a stable government breaking the caste, class and region bondings.
\nPt. Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel took initiates in 1936 congress session at Lucknow and All India Kissan Sabha was established but due to caste and class conflict it could not function. Later CPI activists took command of Kissan Sabha. Many Kissan organisations emerged in India after independence. The socialists established Hind Kissan Panchayat and instead the Kissan Sabha by Marxist. The communist party of India (Marxists) established revolutionary peasants convention in 1967. This organisation gave lead to Naxalbari movement in West Bengal.
\n\u2022Due to the motivative of Shri Raj Narain and Choudhary Char an Singh in 1978 formed the All India Kissan Kamgar Sammelan. Many politicians and farmers like Shri Mahinder Singh Tikkait tried to organise the Kissans of India but even now this peasant group of India is not a well organised pressure group.<\/h3>\n

5.The 73rd amendment has been monumental in bringing a voice to the people in the Villages. Discuss.<\/h2>\n

Ans. The 73rd amendment has been monumental in bringing a voice to the people in the villages because this amendment is related to the directive principles of the state policy and panchayati raj.
\nThe amendment is based on the principle of power of the people and provides . constitutional guarantee to the Panchayats.
\nMain features of the Act:
\n\u2022Recognition to Panchayats, as institutions of self government.
\n\u2022Panchayat\u2019s power and responsibilities to prepare a plan for economic development and social justice.
\n\u2022Establishment of uniform 3 tier system of strong Panchayats at village, block and district levels for all states having a population of over 20 lakhs.
\n\u2022The Act provides guidelines for the structure powers and functions, finance and elections and reservation of seats for the weaker sections of the given area.
\nImportance of the Act:
\n\u2022It was a revolutionary step towards establishing grassroot democracy.
\n\u2022All the states have passed legislation on the basis of guidelines and provision of the amendments.
\n\u2022Because of this act Panchayati Raj System at grassroot level became a reality.<\/h3>\n

6. Write an essay on the ways that the Indian Constitution touches peoples\u2019 everyday life, drawing upon different examples.<\/h2>\n

Ans. \u2022 Indian constitution has given a democratic system to all of us.
\n\u2022Democracy is a government for the people, of the people and by the people. It is not limited to political freedom or economic and social justice. It is also about equal rights to all respective of caste, creed, race and gender.
\n\u2022Indian constitution has established Secularism. We have respect for all the religions and all the Indians have fundamental right to have faith in their own religion. Indian constitution provides equal rights to minority communities by extending friendly relationship and all sort of support system to them.
\n\u2022India is a welfare state and a Sociologist patronise society. It is our duty to protect public and national property. We all have equal opportunities to make use of resources and put our best effort for economic development.
\n\u2022Indian constitution provides social, political and economic justice and equality to all citizens of India. Therefore it is our duty to support the government to participate in activity of government programmes like population control, smallpox, Malaria or Pulse Polio Programmes. Food Security Bill, Right to Information (RTI), Right to Education (RTE) and efforts for women empowerment are few major efforts made by the government to strengthen Indian democracy.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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