{"id":118570,"date":"2022-04-27T17:10:09","date_gmt":"2022-04-27T11:40:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/?p=118570"},"modified":"2022-04-27T17:10:09","modified_gmt":"2022-04-27T11:40:09","slug":"chapter-2-structure-and-physiography-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-geography-geography-india-physical-environment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/education\/chapter-2-structure-and-physiography-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-geography-geography-india-physical-environment","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 2 – Structure and Physiography Questions and Answers: NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography (Geography: India Physical Environment)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below:
\nQuestion 1(i).
\nIn which part of Himalayas do we find the Karewa formation?
\n(a) North-eastern Himalayas
\n(b) Himachal-Uttarakhand Himalayas
\n(c) Eastern Himalayas
\n(d) Kashmir Himalayas<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Kashmir Himalayas<\/h3>\n

Question 1(ii).
\nIn which of the following states is Loktak lake situated?
\n(a) Kerala
\n(b) Uttarakhand
\n(c) Manipur
\n(d) Rajasthan<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Manipur<\/h3>\n

Question 1(iii).
\nWhich one of the water bodies separates the Andaman from the Nicobar?
\n(a) 11\u00b0 Channel
\n(b) Gulf of Mannar
\n(c) 10\u00b0 Channel
\n(d) Andaman Sea<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) 11\u00b0 Channel<\/h3>\n

Question 1(iv).
\nOn which of the following hill range is the \u2018Dodabeta\u2019 peak situated?
\n(a) Nilgiri hills
\n(b) Anaimalai hills
\n(c) Cardamom hills
\n(d) Nallamala hills<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Nilgiri hills<\/h3>\n

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
\nQuestion 2(i).
\nIf a person is to travel to Lakshadweep, from which coastal plain does he prefer and why?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nLakshadweep islands are situated in Arabian Sea. These islands are located at a distance of 280 km-480 km off the Kerala coast. Its distance is lowest from Malabar Coast. Therefore, it will take us least time to reach at Lakshadweep islands from Malabar Coast.<\/h3>\n

Question 2(ii).
\nWhere in India will you find a cold desert? Name some important ranges of this region.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe north-eastern part of the Kashmir Himalayas is a cold desert, which lies between the Greater Himalayas and the Karakoram ranges. Main ranges of this region are Laddakh, Karakoram, Jasker and Pir Panjal.<\/h3>\n

Question 2(iii).
\nWhy is the western coastal plain is devoid of any delta?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe slope of rivers of western coast is very steep. Therefore, these rivers flow not in different parts but in one part. And hence they do not form any delta. As a result, we do not find any delta in the western coast.<\/h3>\n

3. Answer the following questions in not more than 125 words.
\nQuestion 3(i).
\nMake a comparison of the island groups of the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nLakshadweep islands are in Arabian Sea and Andaman and Nicobar islands are in Bay of Bengal.
\nimageee<\/h3>\n

Question 3(ii).
\nWhat are the important geomorphological features found in the river valley plains?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nAlluvial fans are formed when streams flowing from higher levels break into foot slope plains of low gradient. Normally very coarse load is carried by streams flowing over mountain slopes. This load becomes too heavy for the streams to be carried over gentler gradients and gets dumped and spread as a broad low to high cone shaped deposit called alluvial fan. Usually, the streams which flow over fans are not confined to their original channels for long and shift their position across the fan forming many channels called distributaries. Alluvial fans in humid areas show normally low cones with gentle slope form as a low cone.
\nDelta is like alluvial fans but develop at a different location. The load carried by the rivers is dumped and spread into the sea. If this load is not carried away far into the sea or distributed along the coast, it spreads and accumulates. Such areas over flood plains built up by abandoned or cut\u00acoff channels contain coarse deposits. The flood deposits of spilled waters carry relatively finer materials like silt and clay. The flood plains in a delta are called delta plains.
\nFloodplain is a major landform of river deposition. Large sized materials are deposited first when stream channel breaks into a gentle slope. Thus, normally, fine sized materials like sand, silt and clay are carried by relatively slow moving waters in gentler channels usually found in the plains and deposited over the bed and when the waters spill over the banks during flooding above the bed. These river valley plains have a fertile alluvial soil cover which supports a variety of crops like wheat, rice, sugarcane and jute, and hence, supports a large population.<\/h3>\n

Question 3(iii).
\nIf you move from Badrinath to Sunderbans delta along the coarse of the river Ganga, what major geomorphological features will you come across?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIf we move from Badrinath to Sunderbans delta along the course of the river Ganga, following major geomorphological features will we come across:
\n1. V Shaped Valleys: Valleys start as small and narrow rills; the rills will gradually develop into long and wide gullies; the gullies will further deepen, widen and lengthen to give rise to valleys. Depending upon dimensions and shape, many types of valleys like V-shaped valley, gorge, canyon, etc. can be recognised.
\n2. Gorge: A gorge is a deep valley with very steep to straight sides.
\n3. Canyon: A canyon is characterised by steep step-like side slopes and may be as deep as a gorge. A gorge is almost equal in width at its top as well as at its bottom. In contrast, a canyon is wider at its top than at its bottom. In fact, a canyon is a variant of gorge.
\n4. Waterfall: When the rivers start falling in pits in mountainous regions, it makes waterfall.
\n5. Plunge pools: Once a small and shallow depression forms, pebbles and boulders get collected in those depressions and get rotated by flowing water and consequently the depressions grow in dimensions. A series of such depressions eventually join and the stream valley gets deepened. At the foot of waterfalls also, large potholes, quite deep and wide, form because of the sheer impact of water and rotation ofboulders. Such large and deep holes at the base of waterfalls are called plunge pools.<\/h3>\n

Multiple Choice Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWhich of the following is the highest peak of western ghats?
\n(a) Anaimudi
\n(b) Nilgiri
\n(c) Mahendragiri
\n(d) Barabar.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Anaimudi<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhich of the following is not a part of Meghalaya Plateau?
\n(\u0430) The Garo Hills
\n(b) The Khasi Hills
\n(c) The Jaintia Hills
\n(d) Kaimoor Hills.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Kaimoor Hills<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nOld alluvial soil is called:
\n(a) Khadar
\n(b) Bangar
\n(c) Bhabar
\n(d) Kareva.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Bangar<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nNew alluvial soil is called:
\n(a) Khadar
\n(b) Bangar
\n(c) Bhabar
\n(d) Kareva.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Khadar<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nWhich of the following hills are not a part of eastern ghats?
\n(a) Javadi hills
\n(b) Nallamala hills
\n(c) Nilgiri hills
\n(d) Mahendragiri hills.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Nilgiri hills<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWhich of the following hills are not a part of western ghats?
\n(a) Anaimalai hills
\n(b) Nilgiri hills
\n(c) Cardamom hills
\n(d) Palconda range,<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Palconda range<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nLesser Himalayas is called by what name in Uttaranchal?
\n(a) Dholadhar
\n(b) Nagtia
\n(c) Kayal
\n(d) Kareva.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Nagtia<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nWhich of the following is not included in central highlands?
\n(a) Satpura ranges
\n(b) Vindhyan ranges
\n(c) Kaimur ranges
\n(d) Mahendragiri ranges.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Mahendragiri ranges<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nWhich of the following is not a tributary of river Brahmaputra?
\n(a) Subansiri
\n(b) Dihang
\n(c) Kormang
\n(d) Morhar.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Morhar<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\nWhich of the following is not a tribe living in Arunachal Himalayas?
\n(a) Monpa, Daffla
\n(b) Abor, Mishmi
\n(c) Nishi, Nagas
\n(d) Manjhi, Dusadh.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Manjhi, Dusadh<\/h3>\n

Question 11.
\nWhat is the east-west length of greater Himalayas?
\n(a) 2000 km
\n(b) 2500 km
\n(c) 3000 km
\n(d) 3200 km.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) 2500 km.<\/h3>\n

Very Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWhat are Dims?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDuns are flat-floored structural valleys between the Siwalik and Himachal.
\nFor example: Dehradun.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat are North-western Himalayas?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt comprise a series of ranges such as the Karakoram, Ladakh, Zaskar and Pir Panjal. The north-eastern part of the Kashmir Himalayas is a cold desert, which lies between the Greater Himalayas and the Karakoram ranges.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nWhat are central highlands?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThese are bounded by the Aravalli range to the west, the satpura range on the north generally at an elevation varying between 600 m to 900 m.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nIn how many categories can Himalayas be divided on the basis of relief, alignment of ranges and other geomorphological features?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nOn the basis of relief, alignment of ranges and other geomorphological features, the Himalayas can be divided into the following sub-divisions:
\nKashmir or North-western Himalayas
\nHimachal and Uttaranchal Himalayas
\nDaijeeling and Sikkim Himalayas
\nArunachal Himalayas
\nEastern Hills and Mountains.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nIn how many divisions can India be divided physiographically?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIndia can be divided into the following physiographic divisions:
\nThe Northern and North-eastern Mountains.
\nThe Northern Plain.
\nThe Peninsular Plateau.
\nThe Indian Desert.
\nThe Coastal Plains.
\nThe Islands.<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nBased on the variations in its geological structure and formations, in how many categories can India be divided?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIndia can be divided into three geological divisions. These geological regions broadly follow the physical features:
\nThe Peninsular Block.
\nThe Himalayas and other Peninsular Mountains.
\nIndo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain.<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nand how was Indo-Ganga- Brahmaputra plain was formed?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIndo-Ganga-Brahmaputra Plain is a geological division of India that comprises the plains formed by the river Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra. Originally, it was a geo-synclinal depression which attained its maximum development during the third phase of the Himalayan mountain formation approximately about 64 million years ago. Since then, it has been gradually filled by the sediments brought by the Himalayan and Peninsular rivers.<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nWhat is called Molassis basin?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nManipur is also called Molassis basin.<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nWhat is Bhabar?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nBhabar is a narrow belt ranging between 8-10 km parallel to the Shiwalik foothills at the break-up of the slope. As a result of this, the streams and rivers coming from the mountains deposit heavy materials of rocks and boulders, and at times, disappear in this zone.<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\nWhat is tarai?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nSouth of the Bhabar is the Tarai belt, with an approximate width of 10-20 km where most of the streams and rivers re-emerge without having any properly demarcated channel, thereby,\u2019creating marshy and swampy conditions known as the Tarai.<\/h3>\n

Question 11.
\nWhat are the local names given to Western Ghats?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nWestern Ghats are locally known by different names such as Sahyadri in Maharashtra, Nilgiri hills in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and Anaimalai hills and Cardamom hills in Kerala.<\/h3>\n

Question 12.
\nWhere is Nehru Trophy Vallamkali held?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Nehru Trophy Vallamkali (boat race) is held in Punnamada kayal in Kerala.<\/h3>\n

Question 13.
\nName some important ports on the eastern coast?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nTuticorian, Vishakhapatnam, Paradeep, Chennai, Kolkata are important ports.<\/h3>\n

Question 14.
\nGive sub divisions of Meghalaya Plateau.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Meghalaya plateau is further sub-divided into three:
\n1. The Garo hills
\n2. The Khasi hills
\n3. The Jaintia hills<\/h3>\n

Question 15.
\nGive two features of Chotanagpur Plateau.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nChotanagpur plateau is rich in mineral resources like coal, iron ore, limestone and uranium.
\nThis area receives maximum rainfall from the south-west monsoon.<\/h3>\n

Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nExplain about Sikkim and Darjeeling Himalayas.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDarjeeling and Sikkim Himalayas:
\nVery small segment but is of great significance.
\nSome portion lies in Bhutan also.
\nHigh flowing rivers like Tista are there.
\nThe high mountains peaks Kanchenjunga is present here and the regions has deep valleys.
\nLepcha tribes are seen in higher reaches.
\nThe southern part is having mixed tribe of Nepalis, Bengalis, etc.
\nIt has moderate slope, thick soil cover with high organic content.
\nIt has well distributed rainfall and mild Winter Sikkim and Darjeeling are known for scenic beauty, flora and fauna and fruit orchids.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWrite the features of Peninsular Plateau?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDelhi ridge in the north-west, (extension of Aravali), the Rajmahal hills in the east, Gir range in the west and the cardamom hills in the south constitute the outer extent of the peninsular plateau.
\nIn north-east in the form of Shillong and Karbi-Anglong Plateau.
\nIt is made up of a series of patland plateaus such as the Hazaribagh Plateau, the Ranchi plateau, the Malwa plateau, the Coimbatore plateau and the Karnataka plateau.
\nIt is one of the oldest and most stable landmass of India.
\nThe general elevation of the plateau is from the west to the east.
\nThe western and north-western part of the plate has an emphatic presence of black soil.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nWrite the features of central highlands?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nCentral highlands are bounded to the west by the Aravalli range and Satpura range on the south.
\nElevation varies between 600-900 m above.
\nThe general elevation of the central highlands ranges between 700,1,000 m above the mean sea level and it slopes towards the north and north\u00aceastern directions.
\nBanas is the only significant tributary of the river Chambal that originates from the Aravalli in the west.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWrite a short note on features and location of Thar Desert.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt lies towards the western margins of Aravallis hills.
\nIt vast expand is covered with sand dunes which change their shape very frequently.
\nIt is a land of undulating topography dotted with the longitudinal dunes.
\nCrescent shape are common which are known as barchans.
\nThis area receives very low rainfall less than 150 mm per year.
\nIt has arid climate with lack of vegetation.
\nThe vegetation common in the region are Cacti, Kher, Kikar, Babool, Aclacia, Rhododendrons, etc.
\nDuring rainy season some streams appear which disappear in summer. Luni is an important river of the region.
\nLakes and Palayas have brackish water which is important for obtaining salt. The largest salt water lake is Sambhar lake which is seen here.
\nLow precipitation and high evapo-ration makes it water deficit region.
\nMushroom rocks, shifting dunes, oasis can be seen in the region.
\nOn the basis of orientation Thar desert is divided as:
\nNorthern parts sloping towards Sindh.
\nThe southern part sloping towards Rann.<\/h3>\n

Long Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question l.
\nWrite a detailed on Kashmir or north-western Himalayas.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nKashmir or North-western Himalayas:
\nRegion extents over Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttaranchal.
\nIt comprises of Ladakh, Zaskar and Pir Panjal.
\nThe north-eastern parts of Kashmir Himalayas is a cold desert which lies between greater Himalayas and Karakoram ranges.
\nBetween Pir Panjal and Great Himalayas in Dal Lake and Valley of Kashmir.
\nImportant Glaciers here are:
\nSiachen
\nBaltora
\nBabura
\nHispar.
\nKashmir valleys are known for Karewas. Karewas are thick deposits of glacial clay and other material embedded with moraines (Zafran-Saffron is cultivated here):
\nImportant passes: Zoji La on the Great Himalayas, Banihal on Pir Panjal range, Photu La-Zaskar range, Kharaung La on Ladakh range. Thadala, Nitila, Lepulekh in Uttaranchal Nathula in Sikkim in Himachal Pradesh.
\nHimalayas are spread between river Indus to river Mahi. The total extent of western Himalayas is 700 km and 400 km in width.
\nKashmir Himalayas, Punjab Himalayas and Kumaon Himalayas are its sub\u00acdivision.
\nThe important lakes are: Dal lake and Wular lake (in Jammu and Kashmir and they are freshwater lakes), Pangong Tso, Tso Moriri ( they are salt water lakes and they are situated in Jammu and Kashmir.
\nImportant rivers: Indus, Jhelum and Chenab.
\nImportant pilgrimages Vaishno Devi, Amaranth and Charar-e-Sharif.
\nThe southernmost part of the region has longitudinal valleys known as Duns, e.g. Jammu Dun and Pathankot Dun.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nExplain the characteristics or features of Northern plains?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Northern Plains-
\nThese plains extend approximately 3,200 from the east to the west.
\nThe average width of these plains varies between 150-300 km.
\nThe maximum depth of alluvium deposits varies between 1,000-2,000 m.
\nThe area covered by northern plains is 7 lakhs square km and is most densely populated region of country.
\nFrom north to South, these plains can be divided into three sub divisions: Bhabar, Tarai and Alluvial Plains. The alluvial plains can be further divided into the Khadar and the Bhangar.
\nBhabar
\nIt is a narrow belt ranging between 8-16 km parallel to the Shiwalik foothills at the breaking of the slopes.
\nThe streams and rivers coming from the mountain deposit heavy materials of rocks and boulders and at times, disappear in this zone.
\nTarai
\nIts approximate width is of 20-30 km where most of the streams and river re-emerge without having any properly demarcated channel, thereby, creating marshy and swampy condition known as the Tarai.
\nIt has a luxurious growth of natural vegetation and houses a varied wild life.
\nAlluvial Plains
\nThese plains have characteristic features of mature stage of fluvial erosional and depositional landforms such as sand bars, meanders, ox- bow lakes and braided channels. The Brahmaputra plains are known for their riverine islands and sand bars.
\nThe mouths of these mighty rivers also form some of the largest deltas of the world, for example, the famous Sunderbans delta.
\nThese river valley plains have a fertile alluvial soil cover which supports a variety of crops like wheat, rice, sugarcane and jute, and hence supports a large population.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nExplain the physical features of coastal plains.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nOn the basis of the location and active geomorphological processes, it can be broadly divided into two:
\nThe western coastal plains;
\nThe eastern coastal plains.
\nThe western coastal plains are an example of submerged coastal plain. It is a narrow belt and provides natural conditions for the development of ports and harbours. Kandla, Mazagaon, JLN port. Navha Sheva, Marmagao, Mangalore, Cochin, etc. are some of the important natural ports located along the west coast.
\nExtending from the Gujarat coast in the north to the Kerala coast in the south, the western coast may be divided into following divisions \u2013 the Kachchh and Kathiawar coast in Gujarat, Konkan coast in Maharashtra, Goan coast and Malabar coast in Karnataka and Kerala respectively. As compared to the western coastal plain, the eastern coastal plain is broader and is an example of an emergent coast.
\nThere are well- developed deltas here, formed by the rivers flowing eastward in to the Bay of Bengal. These include the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri. Because of its emergent nature, it has less number of ports and harbours. The continental shelf extends up to 500 km into the sea, which makes it difficult for the development of good ports and harbours.
\nIt is believed that the city of Dwaraka which was once a part of the Indian mainland situated along the west coast is submerged under water. Because of this submergence it is a narrow belt and provides natural conditions for the development of ports and harbours. Kandla, Mazagaon, JLN port Navha Sheva, Marmagao, Mangalore, Cochin, etc. are some of the important natural ports located along the west coast.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nHow are Arunachal, Himachal, Purvachal and Uttaranchal Himalayas different from each other?<\/h2>\n

Ans,
\nArunachal Himalayas
\nThese extend from east of Bhutan to Diphu pass in East.
\nImportant peaks are- Kangtu and Namcha Barwa.
\nThey are bisected by fast flowing rivers forming deep gorges.
\nBrahmaputra flows through deep a gorge after crossing Namcha Barwa.
\nSubansiri, Dihang, Dibang and Lohit are the important rivers. Perennial rivers have high rate of fall which helps to generate hydro-electricity.
\nThe Himachal and Uttarakhand Himalayas-
\nIt lies between river Ravi and Kali in the east.
\nNorthernmost part is the extension of the Ladakh desert.
\nAll these ranges Nimadi, Himachal and Chivalric are prominent here.
\nHill stations are Dharamshala, Mussoorie, Shimla, Ranikhet and Almora.
\nShiwaliks are important for dun formation. For example- Kalka dun, Nalagarh dun (Dehradun is the largest- dun, its length is 35-45 km and width is 22-25 km.)
\nTribes common are Dhotia\u2019s which migrates to higher region in summer.
\nValley of flowers- Nanda devi is also situated here.
\nGail\u2019s, the Manipur Pilgrimages common are Kedarnath, Badrinath, Hemkund Sahib.
\nThe Eastern Hills and mountains or Purvachal.
\nGeneral alignment from the north to south direction.
\nIn north, they are known as Patkai Bum, Naga hills, the Manipur hills and in the south, as Mizo or Lushai Hills. This forms Purvanchal range.
\nMost of these ranges are separated from each other by numerous small rivers.
\nThe barak is an important river in Manipur and Mizoram.
\nMizoram has a large lake known as \u2018loktak lake is made up of soft unconsolidated deposits.
\nMizoram and Manipur are tributary of Barak river, which is the turn tributary of Meghna rivers in eastern part of Manipur are tributaries of Chindwin which is in turn is a tributary of Ireawady of Myanmar.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nDifferentiate between:
\n(i) Bhabar and Tarai<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDifference between Bhabar and Tarai.
\nBhabar
\nBasis
\nTarai
\nIt lies along the foot of shiwalik from Indus to Tista
\nLocation
\nIt lies to the south of Bhabar and runs parallel to it.
\nIt is 8 to 16 km wide.
\nWidth
\nIt is 20-30 km wide.
\nIt comprises of pebbles studded rocks in the shape of porous bed.
\nComposition
\nIt is composed of firmer alluvial particles and is covered by forests.
\nDue to the porousity of rocks the stream disappear and flow underground.
\nAppearance
\nThe underground streams of Bhabar reappear here giving rise to a wet marshian.
\nIt is not suitable for agriculture.
\nSuitability
\nIt is reclaimed for agriculture purpose.<\/h3>\n

(ii) Bhangar and Khadar<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDifference between Bhangar and Khadar
\nBhangar
\nBasis
\nKhadar
\nIt is a highland composed of old alluvium.
\nComposition
\nIt\u2019s a lowland composed of new alluvium.
\nIt is always above the level of flood plains.
\nFlood
\nIt is flooded almost every year.
\nIt comprises of canvanious nodules
\nFertility
\nIt comprises of clay soil which is normally fertile
\nIt is not much suited for agriculture.
\nSuitability
\nIt is suited for agriculture. Intensive agriculture is practiced.
\nIt is known as dhaya in Punjab.
\nOther name
\nIt is known as bate in Punjab.<\/h3>\n

(iii) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDifference between Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats;
\nWestern Ghats
\nBasis
\nEastern Ghats
\nThey form continuous chain from Gulf of Combay to Kanniyakumari.
\nLocation
\nThey form a discontinuous chain of low hills from Odisha to Coromandel coast.
\nThey are having an elevation of 900-1100m.
\nPeaks
\nThey are denuded peaks and have lesser elevation than 900 km.
\nThey are divided as four regions or the four hills Sahyadri hills in Maharashtra, Nilgiri in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, Anaimalai hills and Cardamom hills in Kerala.
\nHills
\nSome of the important ranges include the Javadi hills, the Palconda range, the Nallamala hills, the Mahendragiri hills, etc.
\nThe western ghats get southward monsoon.
\nRainfall
\nThe eastern ghat gets rainfall from north-east monsoon.
\nThe highest peak in western ghat is Anamudi (2695 m)
\nHighest Peak
\nHighest peak of eastern ghat is Mahendragiri (1501 m)
\nThe height of the mountain increases from north to south.
\nChange in height
\nHeight increases from south to north.
\nThe westward flowing river are Narmada and Tapi.
\nRivers
\nEastward flowing rivers are Godavari Krishna, Kaveri, Mahanadi, etc.<\/h3>\n

(iv) Peninsular Plateau and Indo-Gangetic Plateau<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDifference between Peninsular Plateau and Indo-Gangetic Plateau
\nPeninsular Plateau
\nBasis
\nIndo-Gangnetic Plateau
\nIt is triangular plateau bounded by Vindhyas western ghats, and eastern ghats.
\nStretch
\nIt is alluvial plain stretching from Punjab to Assam valley.
\nThe relief of this plateau is uneven. Its average height is more than 600 m above the sea level.
\nLevel
\nThis is a level plain for about 200 m in height above the sea level.
\nThe climate is hot and humid.
\nClimate
\nThe summers are hot and winters are cold.
\nKaveri, Krishna, Godavari, Mahanadi, Narmada, Tapi are seasonal rivers.
\nRivers
\nGanga, Yamuna, Brahmaputra are perennial rivers.
\nArea has black soil.
\nSoil
\nAlluvial soil is found.
\nKnown as storehouse of minerals and important for industries.
\nKnown for
\nKnown for agriculture and provide employment to people.<\/h3>\n

(v) Western Coastal Plains and Eastern Coastal Plains<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDifference between Western Coastal Plains and Eastern Coastal Plains
\nWestern coastal plain
\nBasis
\nEastern coastal plain
\nThey lie between western ghats and Arabian sea.
\nLocation
\nThey lie between eastern ghats and bay of Bengal.
\nThey are narrow alluvial plain which are separate by hilly terrains.
\nWidth
\nThey are wider plain (80-120 km) with well developed deltas of the rivers.
\nThe western coastal plains are further divided into two parts: Konkan coast, Malabar coast
\nFurther
\nclassification
\nThey are further divided as northern circus and Coromandel coast.
\nThey are known for lagoons estuary and kayals (backwater), which are known for fishing and Inland transportation.
\nKnown For
\nThey are known for deltas formed by the rivers and is more suitable for agriculture.
\nThey receive rainfall from south\u00adwest monsoons.
\nRainfall
\nThey receive rainfall by retreating or north-west monsoon.
\nThe important rivers are Narmada, Tapi
\nRivers
\nThe important rivers are Krishna, Kaveri, Mahanadi, etc.
\nThey are submerged coast.
\nMerging
\nThey are emergent coast.<\/h3>\n

(vi) Northern Plains and Coastal Plains<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDifference between Northern Plains and Coastal Plains
\nNorthern Plains
\nBasis
\nCoastal Plains
\nThey are located on foot hills of Himalayas and above peninsular plateau.
\nLocation
\nThey lie between Arabian Sea, Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats and Bay of Bengal.
\nThey spread between the area of 3200 square km and the width is 240-320 km.
\nStretch
\nThey are spread from Gujarat to Kanniyakumari and Odisha to Kanniyakumari.
\nRivers originating from Himalayas and peninsular plateau has form these plains by depositing sediments brought by rivers.
\nRivers
\nMost of the rivers originating from peninsular plateau like Krishna, Kaveri, Godavari, Mahanadi move eastward and form delta whereas Narmada and Tapi move westward from Estuaries.
\nDue to fertile alluvial soil and water supply they are known for agriculture.
\nSuitability
\nThey are drained by perinial rivers and are important for fishing, lagoons, and harbours.
\nThey are divided as Indus plains, Ganga plains and Brahmaputra plains.
\nDivisions
\nThey are divided as Konkan coast and Malabar coast, Northern Circar on eastern side and Coromandel coast.
\nThey are important for riverine features like natural leaves, sand bars, etc.
\nKnown for
\nThey are important for ports, harbours, kayals and backwaters.<\/h3>\n

(vii) Himalayas and Central Highlands<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDifference between Himalayas and Central Highlands
\nHimalayas
\nBasis
\nCentral Highlands
\nThey are the young fold mountains of comparatively recent origin.
\nYoung vs. Old
\nThey are part of oldest structure of Indian subcontinents.
\nThey are the world\u2019s highest mountains and the Mount Everest is the highest peak of the world.
\nHeight
\nThey are formed of low hills and no high peak is there worth mentioning in the area.
\nThe mighty rivers like Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra originate beyond the Himalayas.
\nRivers
\nQuite a few rivers like Tapi, Chambal, Betwa, Narmada, originate from these highland.
\nThey are made up of sedimentary rocks.
\nComposition
\nThey are formed by Igneous and metamorphic rocks.
\nThey are formed at the edge of northern plains.
\nLocation
\nThey are formed at the edge of Deccan Plateau.
\nImportant hill stations are Srinagar, Shimla, Dhalauzi, Dharamshala, Mussoorie, etc.
\nHill stations
\nThey are no well-known hill stations.
\nHimalayas are known for glaciers and perennial rivers.
\nGlaciers and rivers
\nNo glaciers and non- perennial river are there.
\nThey have beautiful passes and river valleys.
\nScenic
\nbeauty
\nThey are low-lying hills with less common features.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Class 11 Structure and Physiography NCERT book solutions for Chapter 2 – Structure and Physiography Geography (Geography: India Physical Environment) Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21830,"featured_media":118566,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-118570","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-education"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118570","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21830"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118570"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118570\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":118584,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118570\/revisions\/118584"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}