{"id":118609,"date":"2022-04-27T17:40:01","date_gmt":"2022-04-27T12:10:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/?p=118609"},"modified":"2022-04-27T17:40:01","modified_gmt":"2022-04-27T12:10:01","slug":"chapter-4-climate-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-geography-geography-india-physical-environment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/education\/chapter-4-climate-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-geography-geography-india-physical-environment","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 4 – Climate Questions and Answers: NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography (Geography: India Physical Environment)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.
\nQuestion 1(i).
\nWhat causes rainfall on the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu in the beginning of winters?
\n(\u0430) South-West monsoon
\n(b) Temperate cyclones
\n(c) North-Eastern monsoon
\n(d) Local air circulation<\/h3>\n

Answer:
\n(c) North-Eastern monsoon<\/h3>\n

Question 1(ii).
\nWhat is the proportion of area of India which receives annual rainfall less than 75 cm?\u2019
\n(a) Half
\n(b) One-third
\n(c) Two-third
\n(d) Three-fourth<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Three-fourth<\/h3>\n

Question 1(iii).
\nWhich one of the following is not a fact regarding South India?
\n(\u0430) Diurnal range of temperature is less here.
\n(b) Annual range of temperature is less here.
\n(c) Temperatures here are high throughout the year.
\n(d) Extreme climatic conditions are found here.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Extreme climatic conditions are found here.<\/h3>\n

Question 1(iv).
\nWhich one of the following phenomenon happens when the sun shines vertically over the Tropic of Capricorn in the southern hemisphere?
\n(a) High pressure develops over North-western India due to low temperatures.
\n(b) Low pressure develops over North-western India due to high temperatures.
\n(c) No changes in temperature and pressure occur in north-western India.
\n(d) \u2018Loo\u2019 blows in the North-western India.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) High pressure develops over North-western India due to low temperatures.<\/h3>\n

Question 1(v).
\nIn which of the following states in India do we find \u2018As\u2019 type of climate as per Koeppen\u2019s classification?
\n(a) In Kerala and coastal Karnataka
\n(b) In Andaman and Nicobar Islands
\n(c) On Coromandel Coast
\n(d) In Assam and Arunachal Pradesh<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) On Coromandel Coast<\/h3>\n

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
\nQuestion 2(i).
\nWhat are the three important factors which influence the mechanism of Indian weather?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe three important factors which influence the mechanism of Indian weather are:
\nDistribution of air pressure and winds on the surface of the earth.
\nUpper air circulation caused by factors controlling global weather and the inflow of different air masses and jet streams.
\nInflow of western cyclones generally known as disturbances during the winter season and tropical depressions during the south-west monsoon period in India, creating weather conditions favourable for rainfall.<\/h3>\n

Question 2(ii).
\nWhat is the Inter-Tropical Convergene Zone?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a low pressure zone located at the equator where trade winds converge, and so, it is a zone where air tends to ascend. In July, the ITCZ is located around 20\u00b0N-25\u00b0N latitudes (over the Gangetic plain). These are sometimes called the monsoon trough. This monsoon trough encourages the development of thermal low over north and northwest India. Due to the shift of ITCZ, the trade winds of the southern hemisphere cross the equator between 40\u00b0 and 60\u00b0E longitudes and start blowing from southwest to northeast due to the Coriolis force. It becomes southwest monsoon. In winter, the ITCZ moves southward, and so the reversal of winds from northeast to south and southwest, takes place. They are called northeast monsoons.<\/h3>\n

Question 2(iii).
\nWhat is meant by \u2018bursting of monsoon\u2019? Name the place of India which gets the highest rainfall.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nHigh velocity winds with extreme thundering and lightening cause sudden rainfall. It is called bursting of the monsoon. The easterly jet stream sets in along 15\u00b0N latitude only after the western jet stream has withdrawn itself from the region. This easterly jet stream is held responsible for the burst of the monsoon in India.
\nThe highest rainfall occurs along the west coast, on the Western Ghats, as well as in the sub-Himalayan areas is the northeast and the hills of Meghalaya. Here the rainfall exceeds 200 cm. In some parts of Khasi and Jaintia hills, the rainfall exceeds 1,000 cm. In the Brahmaputra valley and the adjoining hills, the rainfall is less than 200 cm.<\/h3>\n

Question 2(iv).
\nDefine \u2018climatic region\u2019? What are the bases of Koeppen\u2019s classification?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nA climatic region has a homogeneous climatic condition which is the result of a combination of factors. Temperature and rainfall are two important elements which are considered to be decisive in all the schemes of climatic classification. Koeppen identified a close relationship between the distribution of vegetation and climate. He selected certain values of temperature and precipitation and related them to the distribution of vegetation and used these values for classifying the climates. Koeppen introduced the use of capital and small letters to designate climatic groups and types. Koeppen recognised five major climatic groups, four of them are based on temperature and one on precipitation.
\nTropical climates,
\nDry climates,
\nWarm temperate climates,
\nCool temperate climates,
\nIce climates<\/h3>\n

Question 2(v).
\nWhich type(s) of cyclones cause rainfall in north-western India during winter? Where do they originate?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nWestern cyclonic disturbance cause rainfall in north western India during winter. The western cyclonic disturbances which enter the Indian subcontinent from the west and the north-west during the winter months originate over the Mediterranean Sea and are brought into India by the westerly jet stream. An increase in the prevailing night temperature generally indicates an advance in the arrival of these cyclones disturbances.<\/h3>\n

3. Answer the following questions in not more than 125 words.
\nQuestion 3(i).
\nNotwithstanding the broad climatic unity, the climate of India has many regional variations. Elaborate this statement giving suitable examples.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe monsoon regime emphasises the unity of India with the rest of south-east Asian region. This view of broad unity of the monsoon type of climate should not, however, lead one to ignore its regional variations which differentiate the weather and climate of different regions of India. The climate of Kerala and Tamil Nadu in the south is so different from that of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar in the north, and yet all of these have a monsoon type of climate.
\n1.While in the summer the mercury occasionally touches 55\u00b0C in the western Rajasthan, it drops down to as low as minus 45\u00b0C in winter around Leh. Churu in Rajasthan may record a temperature of 50\u00b0C or more on a June day while the mercury hardly touches 19\u00b0C in Tawang (Arunachal Pradesh) on the same day.
\n2. On a December night, temperature in Drass (Jammu and Kashmir) may drop down to minus 45\u00b0C while Thiruvananthapuram or Chennai on the same night records 20\u00b0C or 22\u00b0C.
\n3. In Kerala and in the Andaman Islands, the difference between day and night temperatures may be hardly seven or eight degree Celsius. But in the Thar desert, if the day temperature is around 50\u00b0C, at night, it may drop down considerably upto 15\u00b0-20\u00b0C.
\n4. While snowfall occurs in the Himalayas, it only rains over the rest of the country. Similarly, variations are noticeable not only in the type of precipitation but also in its amount. While Cherrapunji and Mawsynram in the Khasi Hills of Meghalaya receive rainfall over 1,080 cm in a year, Jaisalmer in Rajasthan rarely gets more than 9 cm of rainfall during the same period.
\n5. Tura situated in the Garo Hills of Meghalaya may receive an amount of rainfall in a single day which is equal to 10 years of rainfall at Jaisalmer. While the annual precipitation is less than 10 cm in the north-west Himalayas and the western deserts, it exceeds 400 cm in Meghalaya.
\n6. The Ganga delta and the coastal plains of Orissa are hit by strong rain-bearing storms almost every third or fifth day in July and August while the Coromandal coast, a thousand km to the south, goes generally dry during these months. Most parts of the country get rainfall during June-September, but on the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu, it rains in the beginning of the winter season.
\nThese examples confirm that there are seasonal variations in temperature from place to place and from region to region in India. In spite of these differences and variations, the climate of India is monsoonal in rhythm and character.<\/h3>\n

Question 3(ii).
\nHow many distinct seasons are found in India as per the Indian Meteorological Department? Discuss the weather conditions associated with any one season in detail.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIn India as per the Indian Meteorological Department, there are four distinct seasons:
\nWinter Season (from December to February)
\nSummer Season (from March to May)
\nSouth west monsoon season (from June to September)
\nRetreating Monsoon (from October to November)
\nSummer Season: April, May and June are the months of summer in north India.
\nIn most parts of India, temperatures recorded are between 30\u00b0-32\u00b0C. In March, the highest day temperature of about 38\u00b0C occurs in the Deccan Plateau while in April, temperature ranging between 38\u00b0C and 43\u00b0C are found in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. In May, the heat belt moves further north, and in the north-western part of India, temperatures around 48\u00b0C are not uncommon.
\nThe hot weather season in south India is mild and not too intense as found in north India. The Peninsular situation of south India with moderating effect of the oceans keeps the temperatures lower than that prevailing in north India. Therefore, temperatures remain between 26\u00b0C and 32\u00b0C. Due to altitude, the temperatures in the hills of Western Ghats remain below 25\u00b0C. In the coastal regions, temperature does not decrease from north to south rather it increases from the coast to the interior. The mean daily minimum temperature during the summer months also remains quite high and rarely goes below 26\u00b0C. \u201d<\/h3>\n

Multiple Choice Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nThe winds blow across the Asian continent at latitudes north of the Himalayas roughly parallel to the Tibetan highlands. These are known as what?
\n(a) Monsoon bursting
\n(b) Western cyclones
\n(c) Jet streams
\n(d) Monsoon winds<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Jet streams<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nThe sudden onset of the moisture-laden winds associated with violent thunder and lightning is often termed as what?
\n(a) Bursting of monsoon
\n(b) Western cyclones
\n(c) Jet streams
\n(d) Monsoon winds<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Bursting of monsoon<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nHighest rainfall takes place in India at:
\n(a) Mawsynram
\n(b) Eastern Coast
\n(c) Gaya
\n(d) Bhabhar<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Mawsynram<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWhich of the following is most humid region of India?
\n(a) Northeast India and Western coast
\n(b) Ladhakh region
\n(c) Coastal regions of Tamil Nadu
\n(d) Rann of Kachchh<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Northeast India and western coast<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nWhat are the bases of Koeppen\u2019s classification?
\n(a) On the basis of latitude and longitude
\n(b) On the basis of winds and pressure
\n(c) On the basis of temperature and precipitation
\n(d) On the basis of local weather conditions<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) On the basis of temperature and precipitation<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nIn Assam, nor westers storms are known as what?
\n(a) Kalbaisakhi
\n(b) Western Cyclone
\n(c) Bardoli Chheerha
\n(d) Amravati<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Bardoli chheerha<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nWhat is the position of southern branch of jet streams?
\n(a) 35\u00b0 S latitude .
\n(b) 25\u00b0 N latitude
\n(c) 15\u00b0 N latitude
\n(d) 25\u00b0 S latitude<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) 15\u00b0 N latitude<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nHow much average rainfall is received by Mawsynram?
\n(a) 1020 cm
\n(b) 1050 cm
\n(c) 1080 cm
\n(d) 1000 cm<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) 1080 cm<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nWhat do we call when monsoon withdraws itself?
\n(\u0430) Retreating monsoon
\n(b) Bursting of monsoon
\n(c) Western cyclone
\n(d) Bardoli chheerha<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Retreating monsoon<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\nWhich season is there during September to December?
\n(a) Winter season
\n(b) Retreating monsoon
\n(c) Summer season
\n(d) Rainy season<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Retreating monsoon<\/h3>\n

Question 11.
\nIn which regions of India does mango shower take place?
\n(a) Bihar and Uttar Pradesh
\n(b) Kerala and Coastal Karnataka
\n(c) Orissa and West Bengal
\n(d) Punjab and Haryana<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Kerala and coastal Karnataka<\/h3>\n

Question 12.
\nWhich crops grow as a result of blossom shower?
\n(a) Cotton
\n(b) Coffee
\n(c) Jute
\n(d) Cashew<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Coffee<\/h3>\n

Question 13.
\nIn which regions of India do we experience cyclones?
\n(a) In eastern coastal regions
\n(b) In western coastal regions
\n(c) In northern plains
\n(d) In west India<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) In eastern coastal region<\/h3>\n

Very Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWhat do you mean by the word \u201cMonsoon\u2019?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt is derived from the Arabic word Mausim meaning Season. Monsoon connotes the climate associated with seasonal reversal in the direction of winds.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nExplain two factors helpful in affecting Indian Monsoon.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nTwo factors helpful in Indian monsoon are:
\n1. Jet stream winds
\n2. Difference in atmospheric pressure.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nName two important seasons of Indian climate.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nTwo important seasons of Indian climate are:
\n1. North-west monsoon
\n2. South-east monsoon<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nName the seasons of India of sankranti time with months. .<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nSummer Season (March to May)
\nWinter Season (December to February)<\/h3>\n

Question5.
\nWhat is a jet stream?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe winds that blow across the Asian continent at latitudes north of the Himalayas roughly parallel to the Tibetan highlands are called jet stream.<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWhat is break in monsoon?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDuring the south-west monsoon period after having rains for a few days, if rain fails to occur for one or more weeks, it is known as break in the monsoon.<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nWinter monsoons do not cause rainfall as they move from land to the sea. Why?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt is because of two reasons: Firstly, they have little humidity; and Secondly, due to anti cyclonic circulation on land, the possibility of rainfall from them reduces.<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nWhat is the direction of winds in Kerala during retreating monsoon?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe direction of winds in Kerala during retreating monsoon is from north to east and from east to west.<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nWhat is the difference between loo and chilled wave?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nHot, dry and oppressing winds blowing in the Northern plains from Punjab to Bihar with higher intensity between Delhi and Patna are called loo. When temperature falls too much in northern plains, then winds blowing in these regions are called chilled wave.<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\nWhich formula is used to measure variability in rainfall?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nimageee<\/h3>\n

Question 11.
\nWhere is polar climate found in India?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIn India polar climate is found in upper portion of Himalayas which is located 4000 metre above sea level.<\/h3>\n

Question 12.
\nName the most comfortable places of India during winter season.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nCoastal areas and South India are most comfortable places during winter season.<\/h3>\n

Question13.
\nName most humid regions of India.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe most humid regions of India are south east India and Western Ghats.<\/h3>\n

Question 14.
\nWhat is mango shower?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nTowards the end of summer, there are pre-monsoon showers which are a common phenomena in Kerala and coastal areas of Karnataka. They are known as mango showers, locally since they help in the early ripening of mangoes.<\/h3>\n

Question 15.
\nWhat are western cyclones?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe western cyclonic disturbances enter the Indian subcontinent from the west and the north-west during the winter months. It originate over the Mediterranean Sea and are brought into India bv the westerly jet stream.<\/h3>\n

Question 16.
\nWhat is meant by bursting of monsoon?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe sudden onset of the moisture-laden winds associated with violent thunder and lightning is often termed as the \u2018break\u2019 or \u2018burst\u201d of the monsoon.<\/h3>\n

Question 17.
\nWhy do the Tamil Nadu coast remains dry during south-west monsoon?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Tamil Nadu coast is situated parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch of southwest monsoon.
\nIt lies in the rain shadow area of the Arabian Sea branch of the south-west monsoon.<\/h3>\n

Question 18.
\nWhat is meant by October-heat\u2019?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe retreating south-west monsoon season is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature. The land is still moist. Owing to the condition of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive and this is known as the October-heat.<\/h3>\n

Question 19.
\nWhere do tropical cyclones originate? Which states do they hit the most?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nTropical cyclones originate over the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean. These tropical cyclones have very high wind velocity and heavy rainfall and hit the Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa coast. Most of these cyclones are very destructive due to high wind velocity and torrential rain that accompanies it.<\/h3>\n

Question 20.
\nName the areas receiving rainfall from South-east monsoon.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nOnly coastal areas of Tamil Nadu receive rainfall from South-east monsoon.<\/h3>\n

Question 21.
\nWhat are important features of Kalbaisakhi.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThese are dreaded evening thunderstorms in Bengal and Assam. Their notorious nature can be understood from the local nomenclature of \u2018Kalbaisakhi\u2019. It is a calamity of the month of Baisakh.<\/h3>\n

Question 22.
\nWhat is El-Nino?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nEI-Nino is a complex weather system that appears once every three to seven years, bringing drought, floods and other weather extremes to different parts of the world.<\/h3>\n

Question23.
\nGive the climatic classification given by Koeppen.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nKoeppen recognised five major climatic groups, four of them are based on temperature and one on precipitation.
\nTropical climates,
\nDry climates,
\nWarm temperate climates,
\nCool temperate climates,
\nIce climates<\/h3>\n

Question 24.
\nWhich two branches in the Bay of Bengal branch split into?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Western Branch.
\nThe North-east Branch.<\/h3>\n

Question 25.
\nWhat is the nature of rainfall received from the Western Branch?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe amount of rainfall decreases from east to west.<\/h3>\n

Question 26.
\nWhat type of rainfall does the North-east Branch cause?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nHeavy rainfall.<\/h3>\n

Question 27.
\nWhere does the heaviest rainfall of the World occur?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nAt Mawsynram, 1080 cm.<\/h3>\n

Question 28.
\nWhat are the basic features of the Monsoon?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIrregularity, uncertainty, unevenness and unreliability.<\/h3>\n

Question 29.
\nIn which months does the Monsoon retreat?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nFrom mid-September to November.<\/h3>\n

Question 30.
\nWhen does the Monsoon leave the Northern Plains?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIn October.<\/h3>\n

Question 31.
\nWhere does the low pressure area develop during November?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nOn the Bay of Bengal.<\/h3>\n

Question 32.
\nWhere do the cyclones cause rainfall in November?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nOn the Eastern coasts of the Peninsular India.<\/h3>\n

Question 33.
\nMention the two heaviest rainfall areas of the country.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe windward slopes of the Western Ghats.
\nThe Meghalayas Plateau.<\/h3>\n

Question 34.
\nWhich three regions receive less amounts of rainfall in India?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nWestern Rajasthan.
\nInterior parts of the Peninsular Plateau.
\nLadakh Region.<\/h3>\n

Question 35.
\nWhich regions of India experience snowfall regularly?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Himalayan lofty mountain ranges.<\/h3>\n

Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nExplain the characteristics of monsoonal rainfall in India.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nRainfall received from the south-west monsoons is seasonal is character, which occurs between June and September.
\nThe monsoon rainfall has a declining trend with increasing distance from the sea. Kolkata receives 119 cm during the south-west monsoon period, Patna 105 cm, Allahabad 76 cm and Delhi 56 cm.
\nThe summer rainfall comes in a heavy downpour leading to considerable runoff and soil erosion.
\nMonsoon play a pivotal role in the agrarian economy of India because over three-fourth of the total rain in the country is received during the south-west monsoon season.
\nIts spatial distribution is also uneven which ranges from 12 cm to more than 250 cm.
\nThe beginning of the rains sometimes is considerably delayed over the whole or a part of the country.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat is meant by break in the monsoon? Give features of hot weather season.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDuring the south-west monsoon period after having rains for a few days, if rain fails to occur for one or more weeks, it is known as break in the monsoon.
\nFeatures of hot weather season are:
\nWith the apparent-northward movement of the sun towards the tropic of cancer in March, temperature starts rising in north India.
\nApril, May and June are the months of summer in North India.
\nThe hot weather season in south India is mild and not so intense as found in North India.
\nBecause of the heating of the subcontinent, the ITCZ moves northwards occupying a position centered at 25\u00b0N in July.
\nRoughly, this elongated low pressure monsoon trough extends over the Thar Desert in the north-west to Patna and Chota Nagpur Plateau in the east-south east.
\nIn the heart of ITCZ in the northwest, the dry and hot winds known as \u2018loo\u2019 blow in the afternoon and very often, they continue to well into midnight.
\nDust storms in the evening are very common during May in Punjab, Haryana, eastern Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nWhat are features of El-Nino?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nEI-Nino is a complex weather system that appears once every three to seven years, bringing drought, floods and other weather extremes to different parts of the world.
\nFeatures:
\nThe system involves oceanic and atmospheric phenomena with the appearance of warm currents off the coast of Peru in the Eastern Pacific and affects weather in many places including India.
\nEI-Nino is merely an extension of the warm equatorial current which gets replaced temporarily by cold Peruvian current or Humbolt current.
\nThis current increases the temperature of water on the Peruvian coast by 10\u00b0C. id) This results in:
\nThe distortion of equatorial atmospheric circulation;
\nIrregularities in the evaporation of sea water;
\nReduction in the amount of planktons which further reduces the number of fish in the sea.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWhy India gets a monsoon named as south-west monsoon?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe low pressure conditions by early June are powerful enough to attract the trade winds of Southern Hemisphere coming from the Indian Ocean.
\nThese South-east trade winds cross the Equator and enter the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian sea, only to be caught up in the air circulation over India.
\nPassing over the equatorial warm currents they bring with them moisture in abundance.
\nAfter crossing the equator, they follow south westerly directions and they are known as south-west monsoon.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nEnumerate the factors that influence the climate of the Subcontinent of India.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nRelief
\nLatitude
\nAltitude
\nPressure and wind systems: This in turn depends on:
\nTrade winds.
\nWestern disturbances.
\nJet stream,
\nDistance from the sea
\nOcean currents.<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nDifferentiate between South-west monsoon and Retreating monsoon.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nBasis
\nWeather
\nClimate
\nTime
\nReference
\nWeather is the momentary state of the atmosphere.
\nClimate refers to the average of the weather conditions over a longer period of time.
\nTime
\nWeather changes quickly, may be within a day or week.
\nClimate changes imperceptively and may be noted after 50 years or even more.
\nFrequency
\nFrequency of weather change can be many times a day.
\nFrequency of climate change is a very long process and can\u2019t be seen so easily.<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nDifferentiate between the South-West Monsoon and Retreating Monsoon.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe differences between the South-West Monsoon and Retreating Monsoon:
\nBasis
\nSouth-West Monsoon
\nRetreating Monsoon
\nTiming
\nThese winds blow from June to September.
\nThese winds blow during October and November.
\nDirection
\nThe direction of these winds is from West to the North East.
\nThese winds are calm. These flow from North to South.
\nRainfall
\nDuring these months South West Monsoons cover the whole of India and give heavy rainfall. The humidity is high. The pressure is low on the land area.
\nThe temperature increases again, the land being covered with rainy water, the humidity becomes high. The temperature goes up. The coastal areas of Tamil Nadu receive maximum rainfall from these retreating winds.<\/h3>\n

Long Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nExplain the important features of Winter Season of India.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nBy October, the rainy season comes to an end all over the country and the days become short and the night become long. The rays of the sun are not overhead. The air turns cooler in the plains marking the coming of the winter season.
\nThe winter season lasts from November to February every year. In the Northern Plains, very cold wind blow making the winter months severe. December and January are the coldest months in the northern plain. The mean daily temperature remains below 21\u00b0C over most parts of northern India.
\nMost of the hilly areas receive heavy snowfall. January is the coldest month in the Northern Plains. The winter season in Peninsular India is mild as a result of the influence of the surrounding water bodies. The coromandel Coast receives heavy rainfall during this season.
\nThe desert is cool during the day but cold at night. The air starts warming up in the month of March, and the weather is neither cold nor hot. This time of early summer is also called the spring season. Every part of our country regularly experiences this cycle of seasons.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nAccording to Koeppen, in how many groups- can you classify the climate of India?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nKoeppen identified a close relationship between the distribution of vegetation and climate. He selected certain values of temperature and precipitation and related them to the distribution of vegetation and used these values for classifying the climates. Koeppen introduced the use of capital and small letters to designate climatic groups and types. Koeppen recognised five major climatic groups, four of them are based on temperature and one on precipitation.
\nTropical climates,
\nDry climates,
\nWarm temperate climates,
\nCool temperate climates,
\nIce climates
\nClassification of Indian climatic regions: Amw \u2013 Monsoon with short dry season.
\nAreas: West coast of India south of Goa
\nAs \u2013 Monsoon with dry summer
\nAreas: Coromandel coast of Tamil Nadu
\nAw \u2013 Tropical savannah.
\nAreas: Most of the Peninsular plateaus, south of the Tropic of Cancer
\nBwhw \u2013 Semi-arid steppe climate.
\nAreas: North-western Gujarat, some parts of western Rajasthan and Punjab
\nBwhw \u2013 Hot desert. Areas: Extreme western Rajasthan
\nCwg \u2013 Monsoon with dry winter.
\nAreas: Ganga plain, eastern Rajasthan, northern Madhya Pradesh, most of North-east India
\nDfc \u2013 Cold humid winter with short summer.
\nAreas: Arunachal Pradesh
\nE \u2013 Polar type. Areas: Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nExplain the spatial variation in the rainfall throughout the country.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThere is great variation in rainfall throughout the country.
\nWhile Cherrapunji and Mawsynram in the Khasi Hills of Meghalaya receive rainfall over 1,080 cm in a year, Jaisalmer in Rajasthan rarely gets more than 9 cm of rainfall during the same period.
\nTura situated in the Garo Hills of Meghalaya may receive an amount of rainfall in a single day which is equal to 10 years of rainfall at Jaisalmer. While the annual precipitation is less than 10 cm in the north-west Himalayas and the western deserts, it exceeds 400 cm in Meghalaya.
\nThe highest rainfall occurs along the west coast, on the western Ghats as well as in the sub-Himalayan areas in the north-west and the hills of Meghalaya, rainfall exceeding 200 cm. In some parts of Khasi and Jaintia hills, the rainfall exceeds 1,000 cm. In the Brahmaputra valley and the adjoining hills, the rainfall is less than 200 cm.
\nRainfall between 100-200 cm is received in southern parts of Gujarat, east Tamil Nadu, North-eastern Peninsular covering Orissa, Jharkhand, Bihar, eastern Madhya Pradesh, Northern Ganga Plain along the sub-Himalayas and the Cachar valley and Manipur.
\nWestern Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, eastern Rajasthan, Gujarat and Deccan Plateau receive rainfall between 50-100 cm.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nExplain the spatial variation in temperature in India.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIndia has hot monsoonal climate which is the prevalent climate in south and south-east Asia.
\nWhile in the summer the mercury occasionally touches 55\u00b0C in the western Rajasthan, it drops down to as low as minus 45\u00b0C in winter around Leh.
\nChuru in Rajasthan may record a temperature of 50\u00b0C or more on a June day while the mercury hardly touches 19\u00b0C in Tawang (Arunachal Pradesh) on the same day.
\nOn a December night, temperature in Drass (Jammu and Kashmir) may drop down to minus 45\u00b0C while Thiruvananthapuram or Chennai on the same night records 20\u00b0C or 22\u00b0C.
\nIn Kerala and in the Andaman Islands, the difference between day and night temperatures may be hardly seven or eight degree Celsius. But in the Thar desert, if the day temperature is around 50\u00b0C, at night, it may drop down considerably upto 15\u00b0-20\u00b0C.
\nWhile snowfall occurs in the Himalayas, it only rains over the rest of the country. Similarly, variations are noticeable not only in the type of precipitation but also in its amount.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nHow economic life in India is affected by monsoon?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nEconomic life of India is extremely affected by the monsoon.
\nMonsoon is that axis around which revolves the entire agricultural cycle of India. Around 64 % people of India depend on agriculture for their livelihood and agriculture itself is based on south-west monsoon.
\nExcept Himalayas all the parts of the country have temperature above the threshold level to grow the crops or plants throughout the year.
\nRegional variations in monsoon climate help in growing various types of crops.
\nVariability of rainfall brings droughts or floods every year in some parts of the country.
\nAgricultural property of India depends very much on timely and adequately distributed rainfall. If it fails, agriculture is adversely affected particularly in those regions where means of irrigation are not developed.
\nSudden monsoon burst creates problems of soil erosion over large areas in India.
\nWinter rainfall by temperate cyclones in north India is highly beneficial for Rabi crops.
\nRegional climatic variation in India is reflected in the vast variety of food, clothes and house types.<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWhat is Global Warming? What are the effects of Global Warming?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDue to global warming the polar ice caps and mountain glaciers would melt and the amount of water in the ocean would increase. It leads to rise in the sea level and melting of glaciers and sea-ice due to warming.
\nEffects:
\nSea level will rise 48 cm by the end of twenty first century.
\nIncrease the incidence of annual flooding.
\nInsect-borne diseases like malaria, and leads to shift in climatic boundaries, making some regions wetter and other dries.
\nAgricultural pattern would shift and human population as well as the ecosystem would experience change.
\nThe peninsular India would be submerged.
\nGlobal warming refers to the increase in average ground temperatures refers to the increase in average ground temperatures on earth. These higher temperatures across the planet are caused by an intensification of the greenhouse effect.<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nWhat is Break in Monsoon? What are its causes? When is the monsoon expected to break in Kerala and reach the plains of Punjab?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDuring the south-west monsoon period after having rains for a few days, if rain fails to occur for one or more weeks, it is known as break in the monsoon. These dry spells are quite common during the rainy season. These breaks in the different regions are due to different reasons:
\nIn northern India rains are likely to fail if the rain-bearing storms are not very frequent along the monsoon trough or the ITCZ over this region.
\nOver the west coast the dry spells are associated with days when winds blow parallel to the coast.
\nBreaking of Monsoon:
\nBreaking of the Monsoon in Kerala: Beginning of June.
\nReaching Punjab: First week of July.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Class 11 Climate NCERT book solutions for Chapter 4 – Climate Geography (Geography: India Physical Environment) Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21830,"featured_media":118612,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-118609","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-education"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118609","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21830"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118609"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118609\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":118624,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118609\/revisions\/118624"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118612"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118609"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118609"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118609"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}