{"id":118743,"date":"2022-04-28T13:25:12","date_gmt":"2022-04-28T07:55:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/?p=118743"},"modified":"2022-04-28T13:25:12","modified_gmt":"2022-04-28T07:55:12","slug":"chapter-5-minerals-and-rocks-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-geographyfundamentals-of-physical-geography","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/education\/chapter-5-minerals-and-rocks-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-geographyfundamentals-of-physical-geography","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 5 – Minerals and Rocks Questions and Answers: NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography(Fundamentals of Physical Geography)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Multiple choice questions.<\/h3>\n

Question 1(i).
\nWhich one of the following are the two main constituents of granite?
\n(a) Iron and nickel
\n(b) Iron and silver
\n(c) Silica and aluminium
\n(d) Iron Oxide and potassium<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Silica and aluminium<\/h3>\n

Question 1(ii).
\nWhich one of the following is the salient feature of metamorphic rocks?
\n(a) Changeable
\n(b) Quite
\n(c) Crystalline
\n(d) Foliation<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Changeable<\/h3>\n

Question 1(iii).
\nWhich one of the following is not a single element mineral?
\n(a) Gold
\n(b) Silver
\n(c) Mica
\n(d) Graphite<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Mica<\/h3>\n

Question 1(iv).
\nWhich one of the following is the hardest mineral?
\n(a) Topaz
\n(b) Diamond
\n(c) Quartz
\n(d) Feldspar<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Diamond<\/h3>\n

Question 1(v).
\nWhich one of the following is not a sedimentary rock?
\n(a) Tillite
\n(6) Borax
\n(c) Breccia
\n(d) Marble<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Marble<\/h3>\n

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
\nQuestion 2(i).
\nWhat do you mean by rocks? Name the three major classes of rocks.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe earth\u2019s crust is composed of rocks. A rock is made up by aggregate of one or more minerals. Rock may be hard or soft and in varied colors. For example, granite is hard, soapstone is soft. Gabbro is black and quartzite can be milky white. Rocks do not have a definite composition of mineral constituents. Feldspar and quartz are the most common minerals found in rocks.
\nThere are many different kinds of rocks which are grouped under three families on the basis of their mode
\nof formation.
\nThey are:
\nIgneous Rocks
\nSedimentary Rocks and
\nMetamorphic Rocks.<\/h3>\n

Question 2(ii).
\nWhat is an igneous rock? Describe the method of formation and characteristics of igneous rock.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe igneous rocks are formed when magma cools and solidifies. Igneous rocks form out of magma and lava from the interior of the earth, therefore, they are known as primary rocks.
\nMethod of formation: When magma in its upward movement cools and turns into solid form it is called igneous rock. The process of cooling and solidification can happen in the earth\u2019s crust or on the surface of the earth. Igneous rocks are classified based on texture. The texture depends upon the size and arrangement of grains or other physical conditions of the materials. If molten material is cooled slowly at great depths, mineral grains may be very large. Sudden cooling (at the surface) results in small and smooth grains. Intermediate conditions of cooling would result in intermediate sizes of grains making up igneous rocks. Granite, gabbro, pegmatite, basalt, volcanic breccia and tuff are some of the examples of igneous rocks.
\nFeatures:
\nThey are made up of solidified lava.
\nLiquid lava gets solidified by gradual cooling
\nThey are compact
\nThey do not have fossils.<\/h3>\n

Question 2(iii).
\nWhat is meant by sedimentary rock? Describe the mode of formation of sedimentary rock.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe word \u2018sedimentary\u2019 is derived from the Latin word sedimentum, which means settling. All types of rocks of the earth\u2019s surface are exposed to denudational agents, and are broken up into various sizes of fragments. Such fragments are transported by different exogenous agencies and deposited.
\nThese deposits through compaction turn into rocks. This process is called lithification. In many sedimentary rocks, the layers of deposits retain their characteristics even after lithification. Hence, we see a number of layers of varying thickness in sedimentary rocks like sandstone, shale etc.<\/h3>\n

Question 2(iv).
\nWhat relationship explained by rock cycle between the major type of rocks?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nRocks do not remain in their original form for long but may undergo transformation. Rock cycle is a continuous process through which old rocks are transformed into new ones. Igneous rocks are primary rocks and other rocks (sedimentary and metamorphic) form from these primary rocks. Igneous rocks can be changed into metamorphic rocks. The fragments derived out of igneous and metamorphic rocks form into sedimentary rocks.
\nSedimentary rocks themselves can turn into fragments and the fragments can be a source for formation of sedimentary rocks. The crustal rocks (igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary) once formed may be carried down into the mantle (interior of the earth) through subduction process (parts or whole of crustal plates going down under another plate in zones of plate convergence) and the same melt down due to increase in temperature in the interior and turn into molten magma, the original source for igneous rocks.<\/h3>\n

3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words.
\nQuestion 3(i).
\nDefine the term \u2018mineral\u2019 and name the major classes of minerals with their physical characteristics.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nA mineral is a naturally occurring organic and inorganic substance, having an orderly atomic structure and a definite chemical composition and physical properties. A mineral is composed of two or more elements. But, sometimes single element minerals like sulphur, copper, silver, gold, graphite etc. are found. There are at least 2,000 minerals that have been named and identified in the earth crust; but almost all the commonly occurring ones are related to six major mineral groups that are known as major rock forming minerals.
\nSome major minerals and their characteristics:
\nFeldspar: Silicon and oxygen are common elements in all types of feldspar and sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminium etc. are found in specific feldspar variety.
\nQuartz: It is one of the most important components of sand and granite. It consists of silica. It is a hard mineral virtually insoluble in water.
\nPyroxene: Pyroxene consists of calcium, aluminum, magnesium, iron and silica. Pyroxene forms 10 per cent of the earth\u2019s crust.
\nAmphibole: Aluminium, calcium, silica, iron, magnesium are the major elements of amphiboles. They form 7 percent of the earth\u2019s crust.
\nMica: It comprises of potassium, aluminium, magnesium, iron, silica, etc. It forms 4 per cent of the earth\u2019s crust.
\nOlivine: Magnesium, iron and silica are major elements of olivine. It is used in jewellery. It is usually a greenish crystal, often found in basaltic rocks.
\nMetallic Minerals: These minerals contain metal content and can be sub-divided into three types:
\nPrecious metals,
\nFerrous metals
\nNon- ferrous metals.<\/h3>\n

Question 3(ii).
\nDescribe the nature and mode of origin of the chief types of rock at the earth\u2019s crust. How will you distinguish them?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe earth\u2019s crust is composed of rocks. A rock is made up by aggregate of one or more minerals. Rock may be hard or soft and in varied colours. For example, granite is hard, soapstone is soft. Gabbro is black and quartzite can be milky white. Rocks do not have definite composition of mineral constituents. Feldspar and quartz are the most common minerals found in rocks.
\nThere are many different kinds of rocks which are grouped under three families on the basis of their mode of formation. They are:
\n1. Igneous Rocks
\n2. Sedimentary Rocks and
\n3. Metamorphic Rocks.
\n1. Igneous Rocks: The igneous rocks are formed when magma cools and solidifies. Igneous rocks form out of magma and lava from the interior of the earth, therefore, they are known as primary rocks. When magma in its upward movement cools and turns into solid form it is called igneous rock. Intermediate conditions of cooling would result in intermediate sizes of grains making up igneous rocks. Granite, gabbro, pegmatite, basalt, volcanic breccia and tuff are some of the examples of igneous rocks.
\n2. Sedimentary Rocks: The word \u2018sedimentary\u2019 is derived from the Latin word sedimentum, which means \u2018settling\u2019. All types of rocks of the earth\u2019s surface are exposed to denudational agents, and are broken up into various sizes of fragments. Such fragments are transported by different exogenous agencies and deposited. These deposits through compaction turn into rocks. This process is called lithification. In many sedimentary rocks, the layers of deposits retain their characteristics even after lithification. Hence, we see a number of layers of varying thickness . in sedimentary rocks like sandstone, shale, etc.
\n3. Metamorphic Rocks: The word \u2018metamorphic\u2019 means \u2018change of form\u2019. These rocks form under the action of pressure, volume and temperature (PVT) changes. Metamorphism occurs when rocks are forced down to lower levels by tectonic processes or when molten magma rising through the crust comes in contact with the crustal rocks or the underlying rocks are subjected to great amounts of pressure by overlying rocks.<\/h3>\n

Question 3(iii).
\nWhat are metamorphic rocks? Describe the types of metamorphic rock and how are they formed?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe word metamorphic means \u2018change of form\u2019. These rocks form under the action of pressure, volume and temperature (PVT) changes. Metamorphism takes place when rocks are forced down to lower levels by tectonic processes or when molten magma rising through the crust comes in contact with the crustal rocks or the underlying rocks are subjected to great amounts of pressure by overlying rocks. Metamorphism is a process by which already consolidated rocks undergo recrystallisation and reorganisation of materials within original rocks.
\nMechanical disruption and reorganisation of the original minerals within rocks because of breaking and crushing without any appreciable chemical changes is called dynamic metamorphism. The materials of rocks chemically alter and recrystallise due to thermal metamorphism.
\nThere are two types of thermal metamorphism:
\n1. Contact metamorphism: In contact metamorphism the rocks come in contact with hot intruding magma and lava and the rock materials recrystallise under high temperatures. Quite often new materials form out of magma or lava are added to the rocks.
\n2. Regional metamorphism: In regional metamorphism, rocks undergo recrystallisation due to deformation caused by tectonic shearing together with high temperature or pressure or both.
\nDuring metamorphism in some rocks grains or minerals get arranged in layers or lines. Such an arrangement of minerals or grains in metamorphic rocks is called foliation or lineation. Sometimes minerals or materials of different groups are arranged into alternating thin to thick layers appearing in light and dark shades. Such a structure in metamorphic rocks is called banding and rocks displaying banding are called banded rocks. Types of metamorphic rocks depend upon original rocks that were subjected to metamorphism. Metamorphic rocks are classified into two major groups foliated rocks and non-foliated rocks. Gneissoid, granite, syenite, slate, schist, marble, quartzite etc. are some examples of metamorphic rocks.<\/h3>\n

Multiple Choice Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nScience of minerals is called:
\n(a) Mineralogy
\n(b) Mineral Science
\n(c) Petrology
\n(d) Ironology.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Petrology<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhich rocks are formed by metamorphism of lime stone?
\n(a) Marble
\n(b) Slate
\n(c) Granite
\n(d) Schist.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Marble<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nPetrology does not study:
\n(a) Structure of Minerals
\n(b) Shape and Organization of Minerals
\n(c) Sources of Minerals
\n(d) Types of rocks.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Types of rocks.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWhich of the following is not an example of metamorphic rocks?
\n(a) Slate
\n(b) Marble
\n(c) Limestone
\n(d) Schist.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Limestone<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nDuring metamorphism in some rocks grains or minerals get arranged in layers or lines. Such an arrangement of minerals or grains in metamorphic rocks is called what?
\n(a) Lineation
\n(b) Arrangement
\n(c) Functionality
\n(d) Disshaping.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Lineation<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWhich of the following mineral is hardest?
\n(a) Gypsum
\n(b) Calcite
\n(c) Topaz
\n(d) Diamond.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Diamond<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nWhich of the following mineral is non metallic?
\n(a) Iron
\n(b) Copper
\n(c) Coal
\n(d) Gold.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Coal<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nWhich of the following is not a sedimentary rock?
\n(a) Sandstone
\n(b) Coal
\n(c) Limestone
\n(d) Marble.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Marble.<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nWhich of the following is not an example of igneous rocks?
\n(a) Granite
\n(b) Gabbro
\n(c) Pegmatite
\n(d) Marble.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Marble.<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\n98% of the crust of the earth is made of eight elements. Which of the following is not among these eight elements?
\n(a) Oxygen and Silicon
\n(b) Aluminium and Iron
\n(c) Calcium and Sodium
\n(d) Mica and Granite.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Mica and Granite.<\/h3>\n

Question 11.
\nWhich of the following is not a precious metal?
\n(a) Gold
\n(b) Silver
\n(c) Platinum
\n(d) Copper.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Copper.<\/h3>\n

Question 12.
\nWhich of the following is a ferrous mineral?
\n(a) Copper
\n(b) Iron Ore
\n(c) Aluminium
\n(d) Tin.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Iron Ore<\/h3>\n

Question 13.
\nWhich of the following is a non-ferrous mineral?
\n(a) Copper
\n(b) Aluminium
\n(c) Tin
\n(d) All of the above.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) All of the above.<\/h3>\n

Very Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWhat does Pyroxene consists of? What percent of the earth does it occupy? What kind of colour it has?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nPyroxene consists of calcium, aluminum, magnesium, iron and silica. Pyroxene forms 10 per cent of the earth\u2019s crust. It is in green or black colour.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat does Amphibole consists of? What percent of the earth does it occupy? What kind of colour it has? Where is it used?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nAluminium, calcium, silica, iron, magnesium are the major elements of amphiboles. They form 7 per cent of the earth\u2019s crust. It is in green or black colour and is used in asbestos industry.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nWhat are the important elements of the crust of the earth?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nAbout 98 percent of the total crust of the earth is composed of eight elements like oxygen, silicon, aluminium, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium, and the rest is constituted by titanium, hydrogen, phosphorous, manganese, sulphur, carbon, nickel and other elements.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWhat do you mean by cleavage?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe tendency to break in given directions producing relatively plane surfaces is called cleavage.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nWhat do you mean by fracture?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nInternal molecular arrangement is sc complex that there are no planes o molecules; the crystal will break in an irregular manner, not along planes of cleavage.<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWhat does Feldspar consists of? What percent of the earth does it occupy? What kind of colour it has? Where is it used?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nSilicon and oxygen are common elements in all types of feldspar and sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminium etc. are found in specific feldspar variety. Half of the earth\u2019s crust is composed of feldspar. It has light cream to salmon pink colour. It is used in ceramics and glass making.<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nWhat is petrology?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt is science of rocks. A petrologist studies rocks in all their aspects viz., mineral composition, texture, structure, origin, occurrence, alteration and relationship with other rocks.<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nGive some examples of igneous rocks.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nGranite, gabbro, pegmatite, basalt, volcanic breccia and tuff are some of the examples of igneous rocks.<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nWhat is rock cycle?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nRock cycle is a continuous process through which old rocks are transformed into new ones.<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\nWhat is Quartz? Give some of its features.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt is one of the most important components of sand and granite. It consists of silica. It is a hard mineral virtually insoluble in water. It is white or colourless and used in radio and radar. It is one of the most important components of granite.<\/h3>\n

Question 11.
\nWhat is the form of inner and outer form of the earth?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe interior most part of the earth is in liquid form but its uppermost layer is in the form of solid.<\/h3>\n

Question 12.
\nWhat is the root source of all types of rocks?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nMagma which is found in the interior of the earth is the root source of all minerals.<\/h3>\n

Question 13.
\nGive one example of solid, liquid and gaseous form of minerals.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nSolid form of minerals is coal, liquid form is petroleum and diesel and gaseous form is natural gas.<\/h3>\n

Question 14.
\nWhat does mica consists of? What per cent, of the earth crust consists of mica? In which type of rocks is it found? Where is it used?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt comprises of potassium, aluminium, magnesium, iron, silica etc. It forms 4 per cent of the earth\u2019s crust. It is commonly found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. It is used in electrical instruments.<\/h3>\n

Question 15.
\nWhat are non-metallic minerals? Give examples.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThese minerals do not contain metal content. Sulphur, phosphates and nitrates are examples of non-metallic minerals. Cement is a mixture of non- metallic minerals.<\/h3>\n

Question 16.
\nWhat does Olivine consists of? In which type of rocks is it found?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nMagnesium, iron and silica are major elements of olivine. It is used in jewellery. It is usually a greenish crystal, often found in basaltic rocks.<\/h3>\n

Question 17.
\nWhat are the root sources of igneous rocks?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nMagma is the root source of igneous rocks. The igneous rocks are formed when magma cools and solidifies. When magma in its upward movement cools and turns into solid form it is called igneous rock. The process of cooling and solidification can happen in the earth\u2019s crust or on the surface of the earth.<\/h3>\n

Question 18.
\nHow does systematic formation of minerals take place?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe basic source of all minerals is the hot magma in the interior of the earth. When magma cools, crystals of minerals appear and a systematic series of minerals are formed in sequence to solidify so as to form rocks.<\/h3>\n

Question 19.
\nWhat kind of qualities do minerals have?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nA mineral is a naturally occurring organic and inorganic substance having an orderly atomic structure and a definite chemical composition and physical properties for example sulphur, copper, silver, and gold, etc.<\/h3>\n

Question 20.
\nName the minerals which are single elements?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nSulphur, copper, silver, gold, graphite are single elements.<\/h3>\n

Question 21.
\nName the hardest and softest mineral?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDiamond is the hardest and Talc is the softest mineral<\/h3>\n

Question 22.
\nName the mineral which is used in Asbestos industry?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nAmphiboles is used in Asbestos industry.<\/h3>\n

Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nClassify the sedimentary rocks on the basis of mode of formation.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDepending upon the mode of formation, sedimentary rocks are classified into three major groups:
\nMechanically formed: Some of its examples are sandstone, conglomerate, limestone, shale, loess, etc.
\nOrganically formed: Some of its examples are geyserite, chalk, limestone, coal, etc.
\nChemically formed: Some of its examples are chert, limestone, halite, potash, etc.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat are metallic minerals? Explain their classification with examples.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThese minerals contain metal content and can be sub-divided into three types:
\nPrecious metals: Gold, silver, platinum, etc.
\nFerrous metals: Iron, nickel, chromite, maganese.
\nNon-ferrous metals: Copper, lead, zinc, tin, etc.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nExplain the features of sedimentary rocks.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe word \u2018sedimentary\u2019 is derived from the Latin word sedimentum, which means settling. All types of rocks of the earth\u2019s surface are exposed to denudational agents, and are broken up into various sizes of fragments. Such fragments are transported by different exogenous agencies and deposited. These deposits through compaction turn into rocks. This process is called lithification. In many sedimentary rocks, the layers of deposits retain their characteristics even after lithification. Hence, we see a number of layers of varying thickness in sedimentary rocks like sandstone, shale, etc.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nDifferentiate between:
\nMinerals and rocks
\nSedimentary and igneous rocks
\nIgneous and metamorphic rocks
\nExtrusive Igneous and intrusive igneous.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(i) Minerals and rocks
\nS.no
\nMinerals
\nRocks
\n1.
\nNaturally occurring substances with the definite chemical and physical composition.
\nSolid or the soften portion of the earth crust.
\n2.
\nMay be composed of two or more elements.
\nAre of three types and comprises of various metals.
\n3.
\nMore than 2, 000 minerals exist.
\nClassified as Igneous, sedimentary and Metamorphic rocks.
\n(ii) Sedimentary and igneous rocks
\nS.no
\nSedimentary rocks
\nIgneous rocks
\n1.
\nMade up of sediments.
\nMade up of solidified lava.
\n2.
\nLoose sediments get sedimented into rocks.
\nLiquid lava gets solidified by gradual cooling.
\n3.
\nForm in layers.
\nThey are compact.
\n4.
\nContains fossils.
\nDo not have fossils.
\n5.
\nAre organic and inorganic in nature.
\nThey are extrusive or intrusive.
\n6.
\nPermeable and allow water to seep.
\nIn permeable and do not allow water to seep.
\n7.
\nThey are known as secondary rocks, these are of two types: Intrusive- granite, Diorite; Extrusive-basalt.
\nThey are known as primary rocks e.g. organic rock-coal, limestone Inorganic- sandstone, shale.
\n(iii) Igneous and metamorphic rocks
\nS.no
\nIgneous rocks
\nMetamorphie rocks
\n1.
\nMagma cools and solidifies.
\nIgneous and sedimentary rocks and are changed into metamorphie rock due to heat and temperature.
\n2.
\nIgneous rocks are normally crystalline and are of two types- Intrusive and Extrusive.
\nMetamorphism can be of two types contact metamorphism and regional metamorphism.
\n3.
\nHard, Impermeable in nature.
\nThey are also hard but have formed due to change in igneous and sedimentary rocks for e.g. Limestone changes into marble, sandstone into quartzite and coal into graphite.
\n4.
\nIn igneous rocks no bands are seen.
\nIn metamorphie rocks banding is a normal.
\n5.
\nIn the intensive igneous rocks the cooling and solidification decides the size of the particles.
\nThe arrangement of the minerals of granules is called lineation.
\n(iv) Extrusive Igneous and intrusive igneous.
\nS.no
\nExtrusive Igneous
\nIntrusive Igneous
\n1.
\nLava cools rapidly on the surface of earth.
\nCooling and solidification occurs inside the earth surface and is a slow process.
\n2.
\nMinerals crystals of extrusive igneous rocks change their structure and can became very small in size e.g. Basalt.
\nThey are the coarse granule structure e.g. Granite Doloride.<\/h3>\n

Long Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nExplain any six physical characteristics?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nBrief information about some important minerals in terms of their nature and physical characteristics is given below :
\nExternal crystal form: Determined by internal arrangement of the molecules- cubes octahedrons, hexagonal prism, etc.
\nFracture: Internal molecular arrangement so complex there are two planes of molecules; the crystal will break in an irregular manner, not along planes of cleavage.
\nLustre: Appearance of a material without regard to color; each mineral has a distinctive lustre like metallic, silky, glossy, etc.
\nStreak: Colour of the ground powder of any mineral. It may be of the same colour as the mineral or may differ malachite is green and gives green streak.
\nStructure: Particular arrangement of the individual crystal; fine, medium or coarse grained; fibrous separable, divergent and radiating.
\nSpecific gravity: The ratio between the weight of a given object and the weight of an equal volume of water; object weighted in air and then weighed in water and divide weight in air by the difference of the two weights.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nExplain some important minerals and their characteristics.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nSome major minerals and their characteristics
\nFeldspar: Silicon and oxygen are common elements in all types of feldspar and sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminium etc. are found in specific feldspar variety.
\nQuestion uartz: It is one of the most important components of sand and granite. It consists of silica. It is a hard mineral virtually insoluble in water.
\nPyroxene: Pyroxene consists of cak ium, aluminum, magnesium, iron and silica. Pyroxene forms 10 percent of the earth\u2019s crust.
\nAmphibole: Aluminium, calcium, silica, iron, magnesium are the major elements of amphiboles. They form 7 per cent of the earth\u2019s crust.
\nMica: It comprises of potassium, aluminium, magnesium, iron, silica etc. It forms 4 per cent of the earth\u2019s crust.
\nOlivine: Magnesium, iron and silica are major elements of olivine. It is used in jewellery. It is usually a greenish crystal, often found in basaltic rocks.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nRocks do not remain in their original form for long but may undergo transformation. Explain.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nRocks do not remain in their original form for long but may undergo transformation. Rock cycle is a continuous process through which old rocks are transformed into new ones. Igneous rocks are primary rocks and other rocks form from these primary rocks. Igneous rocks can be changed into metamorphic rocks. The fragments derived out of igneous and metamorphic rocks form into sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks themselves can turn into fragments and the fragments can be a source for formation of sedimentary rocks. The crustal rocks (igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary) once formed may be carried down into the mantle through subduction process and the same melt down due to increase in temperature in the interior and turn into molten magma, the original source for igneous rocks<\/h3>\n

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Class 11 Geography(Fundamentals of Physical Geography) NCERT book solutions for Chapter 5 – Minerals and Rocks Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21830,"featured_media":118724,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-118743","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-education"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118743","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21830"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118743"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118743\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":118748,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118743\/revisions\/118748"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118724"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118743"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118743"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118743"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}