{"id":118780,"date":"2022-04-28T16:01:16","date_gmt":"2022-04-28T10:31:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/?p=118780"},"modified":"2022-04-28T16:01:16","modified_gmt":"2022-04-28T10:31:16","slug":"chapter-13-water-oceans-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-geographyfundamentals-of-physical-geography","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/education\/chapter-13-water-oceans-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-geographyfundamentals-of-physical-geography","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 13 – Water (Oceans) Questions and Answers: NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography(Fundamentals of Physical Geography)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Multiple choice questions.<\/h3>\n

Question 1(i).
\nIdentify the element which is not a part of the hydrological cycle:
\n(a) Evaporation
\n(b) Hydration
\n(c) Precipitation
\n(d) Condensation.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Hydration<\/h3>\n

Question 1(ii).
\nThe average depth of continental slope varies between:
\n(a) 2-20 m
\n(b) 200-2,000 m
\n(c) 20-200 m
\n1(d) 2,000-20,000 m.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) 200-2000 m<\/h3>\n

Question 1(iii).
\nWhich one of the following is not a minor relief feature in the oceans:
\n(a) Seamount
\n(b) Atoll
\n(c) Oceanic Deep
\n(d) Guyot.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Atoll<\/h3>\n

Question 1(iv).
\nSalinity is expressed as the amount of salt in grams dissolved in sea water per:
\n(a) 10 gm
\n(b) 1,000 gm
\n(c) 100 gm
\n(d) 10,000 gm.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) 1,000 gm<\/h3>\n

Question 1(v).
\nWhich one of the following is the smallest ocean:
\n(a) Indian Ocean
\n(b) Arctic Ocean
\n(c) Atlantic Ocean
\n(d) Pacific Ocean.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Arctic Ocean.<\/h3>\n

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
\nQuestion 2(i).
\nWhy do we call the earth a Blue Planet?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nWater is an essential component of all life forms that exist over the surface of the earth. The creatures on the earth are lucky that it is a water planet, otherwise we all would have no existence. Water is a rare commodity in our solar system. There is no water on the sun or anywhere else in the solar system. The earth, fortunately has an abundant supply of water on its surface. Hence, our planet is called the \u2018Blue Planet\u2019.<\/h3>\n

Question 2(ii).
\nWhat is a continental margin?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe continental margin is the extended portion of each continent occupied by relatively shallow seas and gulfs. It is the shallowest part of the ocean showing an average gradient of 1\u00b0 or even less. The shelf typically ends at a very steep slope, called the shelf break. The width . of the continental shelves vary from one ocean to another. The average width of continental shelves is about 80 km. The shelves are almost absent or very narrow along some of the margins like the coasts of Chile, the west coast of Sumatra, etc.<\/h3>\n

Question 2(iii).
\nList out the deepest trenches of various oceans.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nAs many as 57 deeps have been explored so far; of which 32 are in the Pacific Ocean; 19 in the Atlantic Ocean and 6 in the Indian Ocean. Some important trenches of the world are as follows:
\nMariana Trench: It is the world\u2019s deepest trench. It lies in Pacific Ocean. It is 11034 km below the ocean.
\nPuritonko Trench: It is deepest trench in Atlantic Ocean.
\nSunda Trench: It is deepest trench in Indian Ocean.<\/h3>\n

Question 2(iv).
\nWhat is a thermocline?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe temperature-depth profile for the ocean water shows how the temperature decreases with the increasing depth. The profile shows a boundary region between the surface waters of the ocean and the deeper layers. The boundary usually begins around 100 \u2013 400 m below the sea surface and extends several hundred of metres downward. This boundary region, from where there is a rapid decrease of temperature, is called the thermocline.<\/h3>\n

Question 2(v).
\nWhen you move into the ocean what thermal layers would you encounter? Why the temperature varies with depth?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe temperature structure of oceans over middle and low latitudes can be described as a three-layer system from surface to the bottom.
\nThe first layer represents the top layer of warm oceanic water and it is about 500m thick with temperatures ranging between 20\u00b0 C and 25\u00b0 C. This layer, within the tropical region, is present throughout the year but in mid-latitudes it develops only during summer.
\nThe second layer called the thermocline layer lies below the first layer and is characterised by rapid decrease in temperature with increasing depth. The thermocline is 500 -1,000 m thick.
\nThe third layer is very cold and extends upto the deep ocean floor. In the Arctic and Antarctic circles, the surface water temperatures are close to 0\u00b0 C and so the temperature variation with the depth is very slight.<\/h3>\n

Question 2(vi).
\nWhat is salinity of sea water?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nSalinity is the term used to define the total content of dissolved salts in sea water. It is calculated as the amount of salt (in gm) dissolved in 1,000 gm (1 kg) of seawater. It is usually expressed as parts per thousand (%) or ppt. Salinity is an important property of sea water. Salinity of 24.7% has been considered as the upper limit to demarcate \u2018brackish water\u2019. Salinity changes with depth, but the way it changes depends upon the location of the sea. Salinity at the surface increases by the loss of water to ice or evaporation, or decreases by the input of fresh water, such as from the rivers. Salinity at depth is very much fixed, because there is no way that water is \u2018lost\u2019, or the salt is \u2018added.\u2019<\/h3>\n

3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words.
\nQuestion 3(i).
\nHow are various elements of the hydrological cycle interrelated?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nWater is a cyclic resource. It can be used and re-used. Water also undergoes a cycle from atmosphere, land surface and sub surface and the organisms. About 71 per cent of the planetary water is found in the oceans. The remaining is held as freshwater in glaciers and icecaps, groundwater sources, lakes, soil moisture, atmosphere, streams and within life. Nearly 59 per cent of the water that falls on land returns to the atmosphere through evaporation from over the oceans as well as from other places. The remainder runs-off on the surface, infiltrates into the ground or a part of it becomes glacier. The renewable water on the earth is constant while the demand is increasing tremendously. This leads to water crisis in different parts of the world :\u2014 spatially and temporally. The pollution of river waters has further aggravated the crisis.<\/h3>\n

Question 3(ii).
\nExamine the factors that influence the temperature distribution of the oceans.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe factors which affect the distribution of temperature of ocean water are explained below:
\n1. Latitude: The temperature of surface water decreases from the equator towards the poles because the amount of insolation decreases poleward. The enclosed seas in the low latitudes record relatively higher temperature than the open seas; whereas the enclosed seas in the high latitudes have lower temperature than the open seas.
\n2. Unequal distribution of land and water: The oceans in the northern hemisphere receive more heat due to their contact with larger extent of land than the oceans in the southern hemisphere.
\n3. Prevailing wind: The winds blowing from the land towards the oceans drive warm surface water away from the coast resulting in the upwelling of cold water from below. As a result, there is longitudinal variation in the temperature. On the contrary, the onshore winds pile up warm water near the coast and this raises the temperature.
\n4. Ocean currents: Warm ocean currents raise the temperature in cold areas while the cold currents decrease the temperature in warm ocean areas. Gulf stream raises the temperature near the eastern coast of North America and the West Coast of Europe while the Labrador current (cold current) lowers the temperature near the north-east coast of North America.
\n5. Salinity: Saline water absorbs more heat and its temperature rises much higher than fresh water.
\nAll these factors influence the temperature of the ocean currents locally.<\/h3>\n

Multiple Choice Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nIt is a flat topped seamount. What is it called?
\n(a) Mid ocean ridges
\n(b) Deep sea
\n(c) Guyots
\n(d) Shelf.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Guyots<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nThese areas are the deepest parts of the oceans. What are these?
\n(\u0430) Mid ocean ridges
\n(b) Deep sea
\n(c) Continental shelf
\n(d) Trenches.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d)Trenches<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nSalinity of what level has been considered as the upper limit to demarcate \u201cbrackish water?
\n(a) 22.3%
\n(b) 24.7%
\n(c) 15.8%
\n(d) 20.4%.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) 24.7%<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWhat is average temperature of surface water of the oceans?
\n(a) 22\u00b0C
\n(b) 27\u00b0C
\n(c) 30\u00b0C
\n(d) 35\u00b0C.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(6) 27\u00b0C<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nWhat is the depth of deep sea plains?
\n(a) between 1000 metre to 3000 metre
\n(b) between 2000 metre to 3000 metre
\n(c) between 3000 metre to 4000 metre
\n(d) between 3000 metre to 6000 metre.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) between 3000 metre to 6000 metre<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWhich ocean has maximum number of trenches?
\n(c) Indian ocean
\n(b) Atlantic ocean
\n(c) Pacific ocean
\n(d) Arctic ocean.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Pacific Ocean<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nWhat is composed of two chains of mountains separated by a large depression?
\n(\u0430) Mid ocean ridges
\n(b) Deep sea
\n(c) Guyots
\n(d) Shelf.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Mid Ocean ridges<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nWhat is the average salinity of the Atlantic Ocean?
\n(a) 35%
\n(b) 40%
\n(c) 32%
\n(d) 36%.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) 36%<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nWhat is the average salinity of the Indian Ocean?
\n(a) 35%
\n(b) 40%
\n(c) 32%
\n(d) 36%.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) 35%<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\nWhich of the following is not an ocean?
\n(a) Indian ocean
\n(b) Atlantic ocean
\n(c) Pacific ocean
\n(d) Antarctica ocean.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Antarctica ocean<\/h3>\n

Question 11.
\nWhich of the following element is not there in salts existent of ocean water?
\n(a) Chlorine
\n(b) Sodium
\n(c) Sulphate
\n(d) Iodine.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Iodine<\/h3>\n

Question 12.
\nWhat is the second layer of salinity of ocean called?
\n(a) Thermocline
\n(b) Mid land
\n(c) Continental shelf
\n(d) Deep sea.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Thermocline<\/h3>\n

Very Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWhat are guyots?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt is a flat topped seamount. They show evidences of gradual subsidence through stages to become flat topped submerged mountains. It is estimated that more than 10,000 seamounts and guyots exist in the Pacific Ocean alone.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat is a seamount?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt is a mountain with pointed summits, rising from the seafloor that does not reach the surface of the ocean. Seamounts are volcanic in origin. These can be 3,000 \u2013 4,500 m tall. The Emperor seamount, an extension of the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean, is a good example.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nWhat are deep sea plains?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDeep sea plains are gently sloping areas of the ocean basins. These are the flattest and smoothest regions of the world. The depths vary between 3,000 and 6,000m. These plains are covered with fine\u00acgrained sediments like clay and silt.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWhat are ocean deeps or trenches?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThese areas are the deepest parts of the oceans. The trenches are relatively steep sided, narrow basins. They are some 3-5 km deeper than the surrounding ocean floor. They occur at the bases of continental slopes and along island arcs and are associated with active volcanoes and strong earthquakes.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nExplain about mid-oceanic ridges.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nA mid-oceanic ridge is composed of two chains of mountains separated by a large depression. The mountain ranges can have peaks as high as 2,500 m and some even reach above the ocean\u2019s surface. Iceland, a part of the mid- Atlantic Ridge, is an example.<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWhat is atoll?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThese are low islands found in the tropical oceans consisting of coral reefs surrounding a central depression. It may
\nbe a part of the sea (lagoon), or sometimes form enclosing a body of fresh, brackish, or highly saline water.<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nWhat is shelf break?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe shelf typically ends at a very steep slope, called the shelf break.<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nIn how many parts can ocean floor be divided?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe ocean floors can be divided into four major divisions:
\nthe Continental Shelf;
\nthe Continental Slope;
\nthe Deep Sea Plain;
\nthe Oceanic Deeps.<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nWhat minor relief features are found in ocean floors except major divisions?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nApart from the major relief features of the ocean floor, some minor but significant features predominate in different parts of the oceans. It includes like ridges, hills, seamounts, guyots, trenches, canyons, etc.<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\nWhat is continental slope?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe continental slope connects the continental shelf and the ocean basins. It begins where the bottom of the continental shelf sharply drops off into a steep slope. The gradient of the slope region varies between 2-5\u00b0. The depth of the slope region varies between 200 and 3,000 m. The slope boundary indicates the end of the continents. Canyons and trenches are observed in this region.<\/h3>\n

Question 11.
\nWhat are submarine canyons? Name the best submarine canyon in the world.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThese are deep valleys, some comparable to the Grand Canyon of the Colorado river. They are sometimes found cutting across the continental shelves and slopes, often extending from the mouths of large rivers. The Hudson Canyon is the best known submarine canyon in the world.<\/h3>\n

Question 12.
\nName the areas of the world with highest salinity.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nHighest salinity in water bodies are Lake Van in Turkey, Dead Sea, Great Salt Lake.<\/h3>\n

Question 13.
\nIn which latitude is salinity highest?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe highest salinity is recorded between 15\u00b0 and 20\u00b0 latitudes.<\/h3>\n

Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nExplain the factors affecting salinity of sea water.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nFactors affecting ocean salinity are as follows:
\nEvaporation and precipitation: The salinity of water in the surface layer of oceans depend mainly on evaporation and precipitation.
\nFresh water: Surface salinity is greatly influenced in coastal regions by the fresh water flow from rivers, and in polar regions by the processes of freezing and thawing of ice.
\nWind: It also influences salinity of an area by transferring water to other areas.
\nOcean current: The ocean currents contribute to the salinity variations.
\nTemperature: Salinity, temperature and density of water are interrelated. Hence, any change in the temperature or density influences the salinity of water in an area.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nExplain the relief features of ocean.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe oceans are confined to the great depressions of the earth\u2019s outer layer. The oceans, unlike the continents, merge so naturally into one another that it is hard to demarcate them. The geographers have divided the oceanic part of the earth into five oceans, namely the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian, Southern ocean and the Arctic. The various seas, bays, gulfs and other inlets are parts of these four large oceans. A major portion of the ocean floor is found between 3-6 km below the sea level. The \u2018land\u2019 under the waters of the oceans, that is, the ocean floor exhibits complex and varied features as those observed over the land. The floors of the oceans are rugged with the world\u2019s largest mountain ranges, deepest trenches and the largest plains. These features are formed, like those of the continents, by the factors of tectonic, volcanic and depositional processes.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nExplain about distribution of water on the earth\u2019s surface.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe distribution of water on earth is quite uneven. Many locations have plenty of water while others have very limited quantity.
\nWater on the Earth\u2019s surface
\nReservoir
\nVolume
\n(Million of the Total Cubic km )
\nPercentage of the total
\nOceans
\n1,370
\n97.25
\nIceCaps and Glaciers
\n29
\n2.05
\nGroundwater
\n9.5
\n0.68
\nLakes
\n0.125
\n0.01
\nSoil Moisture
\n0.065
\n0.005
\nAtmosphere
\n0.013
\n0.001
\nStreams and Rivers
\n0.0017
\n0.0001
\nBiosphere
\n0.0006
\n0.00004
\nThe hydrological cycle, is the circulation of water within the earth\u2019s hydrosphere in different forms i.e. the liquid, solid and the gaseous phases. About 71 percent of the planetary water is found in the oceans. The remaining is held as freshwater in glaciers and ice caps, groundwater sources, lakes, soil moisture, atmosphere, streams and within life. Nearly 59 percent of the water that falls on land returns to the atmosphere through evaporation from over the oceans as well as from other places. The remainder runs-off on the surface, infiltrates into the ground or a part of it becomes glacier.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nExplain the components and process of hydrological cycle.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nComponents of water cycle includes water storage in oceans, atmosphere, ice and snow, groundwater and water bodies. The processes of the water cycle vary in different components. In water stored in oceans evaporation, evapotranspiration and sublimation takes place. In water, in the atmosphere condensation and precipitation takes place. In water stored in ice and snow there is snowmelt runoff to streams. In surface runoff, there is stream flow freshwater storage and infiltration. In groundwater storage, groundwater discharge springs occurs.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nDifferentiate between continental shelf and continental slope.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nContinental shelf:
\nIt is an extended margin of each continent occupied by shallow sea, gulfs, etc. It is a submerge part of the land adjoining the coast.
\nIt is shallow and is about 800m deep with an average gradient 1\u00b0 or even less.
\nIts edges extended upto the denth of 150-200 m. \u2018
\nIt contains the sediments deposited with land its average width is 80km.
\nThe largest continental shelf is a Siberian shelf in Arctic Ocean which stretches upto 1500 km of width.
\nAbout one-fourth of the petroleum is produced from oil wells on the continental shelfs.
\nIt is important for coastal transport and trade.
\nContinental slopes:
\nIt represents the edge of continental block.
\nIt connects continental shelf and ocean basin.
\nThe depth varies from 200-300 m.
\nIts average gradient is 2-5\u00b0.
\nIt has a steep slope linking continental shelf and deep sea flow lying at an average depth of 3600 m.
\nCanyons are formed here.<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWrite a short note on variation in salinity.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe salinity for normal open ocean ranges between 33% and 37%. In the land locked Red Sea, it is as high as 41%, while in the estuaries and the Arctic, the salinity fluctuates from 0 \u2013 35 %, seasonally. In hot and dry regions, where evaporation is high, the salinity sometimes reaches to 70%. Salinity decreases from 35% \u2013 31% on the western parts of the northern hemisphere because of the influx of melted water from the Arctic region. In the same way, after 15\u00b0 \u2013 20\u00b0 south, it decreases to 33%.
\nThe average salinity of the Atlantic Ocean is around 36%. The highest salinity is recorded between 15\u00b0 and 20\u00b0 latitudes. Maximum salinity (37%) is observed between 20\u00b0 N and 30\u00b0 N and 20\u00b0 W\u201460\u00b0 W. It gradually decreases towards the north. The North Sea, in spite of its location in higher latitudes, records higher salinity due to more saline water brought by the North Atlantic Drift. Baltic Sea records low salinity due to influx of river water in large quantity. Highest salinity is found in water bodies as Lake Van in Turkey, Dead Sea, Great Salt Lake.<\/h3>\n

Long Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nThe average temperature of water on oceans floor keeps on falling from equator to poles systematically. Explain.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe average temperature of surface water of the- oceans is about 27\u00b0C and it gradually decreases from the equator towards the poles. The rate of decrease of temperature with increasing latitude is generally 0.5\u00b0C per latitude. The average temperature is around 22\u00b0C at 20\u00b0 latitudes, 14\u00b0 C at 40\u00b0 latitudes and 0\u00b0 C near poles.
\nThe oceans in the northern hemisphere record relatively higher temperature than in the southern hemisphere. The highest temperature is not recorded at the equator but slightly towards north of it.
\nThe average annual temperatures for the northern and southern hemisphere are around 19\u00b0 C and 16\u00b0 C respectively. This variation is due to the unequal distribution of land and water in the northern and southern hemispheres.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nExplain about horizontal distribution of salinity.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nHorizontal distribution of salinity:
\nThe salinity for normal Open Ocean ranges between 33% and 37%. In the land locked Red Sea records higher salinity due to high evaporation.
\nSalinity is, however, very low in Black Sea due to enormous fresh water influx by rivers.
\nThe average salinity of the Indian Ocean is 35 %.
\nThe low salinity trend is observed in the Bay of Bengal due to influx of river water.
\nOn the contrary, the Arabian Sea shows higher salinity due to high evaporation and low influx of fresh water.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nExplain about vertical distribution of salinity.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nVertical distribution of salinity
\nSalinity changes with depth, but the way it changes depends upon the location of the sea. Salinity at the surface increases by the loss of water to ice or evaporation, or decreased by the input of fresh waters, such as from the rivers.
\nSalinity at depth is very much fixed, because there is no way that water is \u2018lost\u2019, or the salt is \u2018added.\u2019
\nThere is a marked difference in the salinity between the surface zones and the deep zones of the oceans. The lower salinity water rests above the higher salinity dense water.
\nSalinity, generally, increases with depth and there is a distinct zone called the halocline, where salinity increases sharply.
\nOther factors being constant, increasing salinity of seawater causes its density to increase. High salinity seawater, generally, sinks below the lower salinity water. This leads to stratification by salinity.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nExplain about vertical distribution of temperature.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe temperature structure of oceans over middle and low latitudes can be described as a three-layer system from surface to the bottom.
\nThe first layer represents the top layer of warm oceanic water and it is about 500 m thick with temperatures ranging between 20\u00b0 and 25\u00b0 C. This layer, within the tropical region, is present throughout the year but in mid-latitudes it develops only during summer.
\nThe second layer called the thermocline layer lies below the first layer and is characterised by rapid decrease in temperature with increasing depth. The thermocline is 500 \u2013 1,000 m thick.
\nThe third layer is very cold and extends upto the deep ocean floor. In the Arctic and Antarctic circles, the surface water temperatures are close to 0 C and so the temperature change with the depth is very slight.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nExplain the features of the deep sea plains, submarine ridges, ocean deeps and seamount.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nAbyssal plains (the deep sea plains):
\nThese are the world\u2019s flattest and smoothest regions.
\nAbout 40% of the oceanic floor is flat.
\nIt is formed accumulation of sediments on the sea floor.
\nIts depth varies from 3000-6000 m.
\nSubmarine ridges:
\nOceanic floors have submarine narrow and elongated ridges.
\nThey resemble mountain ridges on the earth surface.
\nPeak of these ridges may rise above the sea level to form islands.
\nEg-Philippines Ice land is a mid-Atlantic ridge.
\nOceanic deeps of submarine trenches:
\nDeep narrow steep sided depression is found along the abyssal plain.
\nThe depth of these trenches may vary from 6,000 to 11,000 m. Example, Marina trenches is the deepest trench in Pacific Ocean.
\nTrenches are formed as a result of tectonic forces and normally occur along the marines of Pacific Ocean.
\nThey occur at the base of the continental slopes and along the island area. Normally associated with volcanoes and strong earthquake.
\nThere are 32 trenches in Pacific Ocean, 19 in Atlantic Ocean and just 6 in Indian Ocean.
\nSeamount:
\nIt is the mount with a pointed submit rising from the sea floor but do not reach the surface of ocean. For example
\nEmperor seamount, an extension of Hawaiian islands in Pacific Ocean
\nThe tallest seamount between Soman and New Zealand.
\nSeamounts are volcanic in origin and can be 3000 to 4500 m tall.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Class 11 Geography(Fundamentals of Physical Geography) NCERT book solutions for Chapter 13 – Water (Oceans) Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21830,"featured_media":118724,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-118780","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-education"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118780","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21830"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118780"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118780\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":118783,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118780\/revisions\/118783"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118724"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118780"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118780"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118780"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}