{"id":118799,"date":"2022-04-28T16:37:02","date_gmt":"2022-04-28T11:07:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/?p=118799"},"modified":"2022-04-28T16:37:02","modified_gmt":"2022-04-28T11:07:02","slug":"chapter-16-biodiversity-and-conversation-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-geographyfundamentals-of-physical-geography","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/education\/chapter-16-biodiversity-and-conversation-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-geographyfundamentals-of-physical-geography","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 16 – Biodiversity and Conversation Questions and Answers: NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Geography(Fundamentals of Physical Geography)"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Multiple choice questions.<\/h3>\n

Question 1(i).
\nConservation of biodiversity is important for:
\n(a) Animals
\n(b) Animals and plants
\n(c) Plants
\n(d) All organisms.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) All organisms<\/h3>\n

Question 1(ii).
\nThreatened species are those which:
\n(a) Threaten others
\n(b) Lion and tiger
\n(c) Are abundant in number
\n(d) Are suffering from the danger of extinction.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Are suffering from the danger of extinction<\/h3>\n

Question 1(iii).
\nNational parks and sanctuaries are established for the purpose of:
\n(a) Recreation
\n(b) Hunting
\n(c) Pets
\n(d) Conservation.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Conservation<\/h3>\n

Question 1(iv).
\nBiodiversity is richer in:
\n(a) Tropical Regions
\n(b) Polar Regions
\n(c) Temperate Regions
\n(d) Oceans.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Tropical Regions<\/h3>\n

Question 1(v).
\nIn which one of the following countries, the \u2018Earth Summit\u2019 was held?
\n(a) The UK
\n(b) Mexico
\n(c) Brazil
\n(d) China.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Brazil.<\/h3>\n

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
\nQuestion 2(i).
\nWhat is biodiversity?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nBiodiversity itself is a combination of two words, Bio (life) and diversity (variety). In simple wTords, biodiversity is the number and variety of organisms found within a specified geographic region. It refers to the varieties of plants, animals and micro-organisms, the genes they contain and the ecosystems they form. It relates to the variability among living organisms on the earth, including the variability within and between the species and that within and between the ecosystems.<\/h3>\n

Question 2(ii).
\nWhat \u2018are the different levels of biodiversity?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nBiodiversity itself is a combination of two words, Bio (life) and diversity (variety).
\nIn simple words, biodiversity is the number and variety of organisms found within a specified geographic region. It is a result of hundreds of millions of years of evolutionary history. Biodiversity can be discussed at three levels:
\n1. Genetic diversity;
\n2. Species diversity;
\n3. Ecosystem diversity.
\n1. Genetic diversity: Genetic diversity refers to the variation of genes within species.
\n2. Species diversity: Species diversity refers to the variety of species. It relates to the number of species in a defined area. The diversity of species can be measured through its richness, abundance and types.
\n3. Ecosystem diversity: The broad differences between ecosystem types and the diversity of habitats and ecological processes occurring within each ecosystem type constitute the ecosystem diversity.<\/h3>\n

Question 2(iii)
\nWhat do you understand by \u2018hotspots\u2019?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nSome areas are richer in species than others. Areas rich in species diversity are called hotspots of diversity. Hotspots are defined according to their vegetation. Plants are important because these determine the primary productivity of an ecosystem. Most, but not all, of the hotspots rely on species-rich ecosystems for food, firewood, cropland, and income from timber. In Madagascar, for example, about 85 per cent of the plants and animals are found nowhere else in the world.<\/h3>\n

Question 2(iv).
\nDiscuss briefly the importance of animals to human kind.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe earth, its ecosystems, and its creatures are all deeply connected. Thus, the existence of many species depends on the survival of others, and don\u2019t think human beings are an exception. As disconnected from nature as many of us humans have become, there are many animals we rely on for our benefit and wellbeing. Many animals actually help people just by performing their natural roles in their environment. And we\u2019re benefiting from their services for free.<\/h3>\n

Question 2(v).
\nWhat do you understand by \u2018exotic species\u2019?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nSpecies which are not the natural inhabitants of the local habitat but are introduced into the system, are called exotic species. There are many examples when a natural biotic community of the ecosystem suffered extensive damage because of the introduction of exotic species. During the last few decades, some animals like tigers, elephants, rhinoceros, crocodiles, minks and birds were hunted mercilessly by poachers for their horn, tusks, hides, etc. It has resulted in the rendering of certain types of organisms as endangered category.<\/h3>\n

3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words.
\nQuestion 3(i).
\nWhat are the roles played by biodiversity in the shaping of nature?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nSpecies of many kinds perform some function or the other in an ecosystem. Nothing in an ecosystem evolves and sustains without any reason. It implies that every organism, besides extracting its needs, also contributes something of useful to other organisms. Human beings contribute a great deal to the sustenance of ecosystems.
\nSpecies capture and store energy, produce and decompose organic materials, help to cycle water and nutrients throughout the ecosystem, fix atmospheric gases and help regulate the climate. These functions are important for ecosystem function and human survival.
\nThe more diverse an ecosystem, better are the chances for the species to survive through adversities and attacks, and consequently, is more productive.
\nHence, the loss of species would decrease the ability of the system to maintain itself. Just like a species with a high genetic diversity, an ecosystem with high biodiversity may have a greater chance of adapting to environmental change.
\nIn other words, the more the variety of species in an ecosystem, the more stable the ecosystem is likely to be.<\/h3>\n

Question 3(ii).
\nWhat are the major factors that are responsible for the loss of biodiversity? What steps are needed to prevent them?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nMajor causes for loss of biodiversity are as follows:
\nSince the last few decades, growth in human population has increased the rate of consumption of natural resources. It has accelerated the loss of species and habitation in different parts of the world.
\nOver-exploitation of resources and deforestation have become rampant to fulfil the needs of large population. As these tropical rain forests contain 50 per cent of the species on the earth, destruction of natural habitats have proved disastrous for the entire biosphere.
\nNatural calamities such as earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, droughts, etc. cause damage to the flora and fauna of the earth, bringing changes to the biodiversity of respective affected regions.
\nPesticides and other pollutants such as hydrocarbons and toxic heavy metals destroy the weak and sensitive species.
\nConservation strategy has suggested the following steps for biodiversity conservation:
\nEfforts should be made to preserve the species that are endangered.
\nPrevention of extinction requires proper planning and management.
\nVarieties of food crops, forage plants, timber trees, livestock, animals and their wild relatives should be preserved;
\nEach country should identify habitats of wild relatives and ensure their protection.
\nHabitats where species feed, breed, rest and nurse their young ones should be safeguarded and protected.
\nInternational trade in wild plants and animals be regulated.<\/h3>\n

Multiple Choice Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nBy what name does International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, an international organization publishes information about species?
\n(a) White list
\n(b) Yellow list
\n(c) Wild life list
\n(d) Red list.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Red list<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhen was Convention of Biodiversity at the Earth Summit held?
\n(a) At Viana in 1994
\n(b) At Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992
\n(c) At Atlanta in 1996
\n(d) At Rome in 1998.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) At Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nSpecies which are not the natural inhabitants of the local habitat but are introduced into the system, are called:
\n(a) Exotic species .
\n(b) Extinct species
\n(c) Endangered species
\n(d) Rare species.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Exotic species<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nThere are some countries which are situated in the tropical region; they possess a large number of the world\u2019s species diversity. They are called what?
\n(a) Hotspots
\n(b) Mega diversity centre
\n(c) Narrow diversity centre
\n(d) Micro diversity centre.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Mega diversity centre<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nWhat is the average age of any species on the earth?
\n(a) One to four million years
\n(b) One to two .million years
\n(c) Five to ten million years
\n(d) Six to seven million years.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) One to four million years<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWhat does the word bio and diversity mean?
\n(a) Bio means life and diversity means variety
\n(b) Bio means genetic and diversity means types
\n(c) Bio means biology and diversity means diverse
\n(d) Bio means biotech and diversity means variation.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Bio means life and diversity means variety<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nThe diversity which is reflected by differences in shapes, physical activities and genetic is called what?
\n(a) Genetic biodiversity
\n(b) Species biodiversity
\n(c) Ecological biodiversity
\n(d) All of the above.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(b) Species biodiversity<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nWhich of the following is not a level of biodiversity?
\n(a) Genetic biodiversity
\n(b) Species biodiversity
\n(c) Ecological biodiversity
\n(d) Micro biodiversity.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(d) Micro biodiversity<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nWhich Act was passed by government of India to protect, preserve and propagate the variety of species within natural boundaries?
\n(a) Forest Animals Board
\n(b) Forest Coverage Act
\n(c) Wild Life Protection Act
\n(d) Physical environment Protection Act.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Wild Life Protection Act<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\nWhich of the following country is not a
\nmega diversity centre?
\n(a) India and China
\n(b) Malaysia and Indonesia
\n(c) Brazil and Columbia
\n(d) USA and Canada.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) India and China<\/h3>\n

Question 11.
\nName the country where about 85 per cent of the plants and animals are found nowhere else in the world.
\n(a) India
\n(b) China
\n(c) Madagascar
\n(d) Zaire.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) Madagascar.<\/h3>\n

Very Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWhat are the causes behind biodiversity?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nWeathering mantle is the basis for the diversity of vegetation and thereby of the biodiversity. The basic cause for such weathering variations and resultant biodiversity is the input of solar energy and water.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nBiodiversity is not evenly distributed over the earth. Explain.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nBiodiversity is not found evenly on the earth. It is consistently richer in the tropics. As one approaches the polar regions, one finds larger and larger populations of fewer and fewer species.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nWhy is diversity necessary?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDiversity is essential for the development and prosperity of all living beings.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWhat is ecosystem diversity?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe broad differences between ecosystem types and the diversity of habitats and ecological processes occurring within each ecosystem type constitute the ecosystem diversity.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nWhat is agro diversity?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nAn important aspect of biodiversity is crop diversity. It is also called agro diversity.<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWhat are endangered species?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nEndangered species include those species which are in danger of extinction. The IUCN publishes information about endangered species world-wide as the Red List of threatened species.<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nWhat are rare species?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nRare species are those species whose population is very small in the world. They are confined to limited areas or thinly scattered over a wider area.<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nWhat is mega diversity centre?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThere are some countries which are situated in the tropical region; they possess a large number of the world\u2019s species divershy. They are called mega diversity centres.<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nName the countries which have highest biodiversity.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThere are 12 such countries, namely Mexico. Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, China, India, Malaysia, Indonesia and Australia in which these centres are located.<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\nWhat provisions have been made under Wild Life Protection Act, 1972?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Wild Life Protection Act, 1972 provides for the protection of wild animals, birds and plants. This Act governs wildlife conservation and protection of endangered species by establishing national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves.<\/h3>\n

Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWrite about genetic biodiversity?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nGenetic biodiversity refers to the variation of genes within species. Groups of individual organisms having certain similarities in their physical characteristics are called species. Genes are the basic building blocks of various life forms. Human beings genetically belong to the homo sapiens group and also differ in their characteristics such as height, colour, physical appearance, etc., considerably. This is due to diversity. This genetic diversity is essential for a healthy breeding of population of species.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nExplain about economic importance of biodiversity.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nFor all humans, biodiversity is an important resource in their day-to-day life!
\nCrop diversity: One important part of biodiversity is \u2018crop diversity\u2019, which is also called agro-biodiversity.
\nManufacturing: Biodiversity is seen as a reservoir of resources to be drawn upon for the manufacture of food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic products.
\nEconomic commodities: At the same time, it is also the origin of new conflicts dealing with rules of division and appropriation of natural resources. Some of the important economic commodities that biodiversity supplies to humankind are: food crops, livestock, forests, fish, medicinal resources, etc.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nExplain the role of ecosystem in biodiversity.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe broad differences between ecosystem types and the diversity of habitats and ecological processes occurring within each ecosystem type constitute the ecosystem diversity. The \u2018boundaries\u2019 of communities (associations of species) and ecosystems are not very rigidly defined. Thus, the demarcation of ecosystem boundaries is difficult and complex. We are also a part of ecosystems. This fact must be drawn upon every one of us so that we live and let other species also live their lives. It is our ethical responsibility to consider that each and every species along with us have an intrinsic right to exist. Hence, it is morally wrong to voluntarily cause the extinction of any species. The level of biodiversity is a good indicator of the state of our relationships with other living species. In fact, the concept of biodiversity is an integral part of many human cultures.<\/h3>\n

Long Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nIn how many categories has the International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) classified the threatened species of plants and animals?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe International Union of Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) has classified the threatened species of plants and animals into three categories for the purpose of their conservation.
\nEndangered species: Endangered species includes those species which are in danger of extinction. The IUCN publishes information about endangered species worldwide as the Red List of threatened species.
\nVulnerable species: Vulnerable species includes the species which are likely to be in danger of extinction in near future if the factors threatening to their extinction continue. Survival of these species is not assured as their population has reduced greatly.
\nRare species: Rare species are those species whose population is very small in the world. They are confined to limited areas or thinly scattered over a wider area.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nHow do natural calamities and illegal hunting harm biodiversity?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nNatural Calamities: Natural calamities such as earthquakes, floods, volcanic eruptions, forest fires, droughts, etc. cause damage to the flora and fauna of the earth, bringing change to the biodiversity of respective affected regions. Pesticides and other pollutants such as hydrocarbons and toxic heavy metals destroy the weak and sensitive species. Species which are not the natural inhabitants of the local habitat but are introduced into the system, are called exotic species. There are many examples when a natural biotic community of the ecosystem suffered extensive damage because of the introduction of exotic species. During the last few decades, some animals like tigers, elephants, rhinoceros, crocodiles, minks and birds were hunted mercilessly by poachers for their horn, tusks, hides, etc. It has resulted in the rendering of certain types of organisms as endangered category. Illegal Hunting: Hunting and habitat destruction contributed to a second wave of extinctions after European settlement, including:
\n16 land birds (nine species and seven subspecies).
\nOne of three native bat species.
\nOne fish.
\nAt least 12 invertebrates, such as snails and insects.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Class 11 Geography(Fundamentals of Physical Geography) NCERT book solutions for Chapter 16 – Biodiversity and Conversation Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21830,"featured_media":118724,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-118799","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-education"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118799","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21830"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118799"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118799\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":118802,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118799\/revisions\/118802"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118724"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118799"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118799"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118799"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}