{"id":118813,"date":"2022-04-28T17:07:22","date_gmt":"2022-04-28T11:37:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/?p=118813"},"modified":"2022-04-28T17:07:22","modified_gmt":"2022-04-28T11:37:22","slug":"chapter-1-constitution-why-and-how-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-political-scienceindian-constitution-at-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/education\/chapter-1-constitution-why-and-how-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-political-scienceindian-constitution-at-work","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 1 – Constitution: Why and How? Questions and Answers: NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science(Indian Constitution at Work)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Question 1.
\nWhich of these is not a function of the constitution?
\n(a) It gives a guarantee of the rights of the citizen.
\n(b) It marks out different spheres of power for different branches of government.
\n(c) It ensures that good people come to power. id) It gives expression to some shared values.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) It ensures that good people come to power.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhich of the following is a good reason to conclude that the authority of the constitution is higher than that of the parliament?
\n(\u0430) The constitution was framed before the parliament came into being.
\n(b) The constitution makers were more eminent leaders than the members of the parliament.
\n(c) The constitution specifies how parliament is to be formed and what are its powers.
\n(d) The constitution cannot be amended by the parliament.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) The constitution specifies how parliament is to be formed and what are its powers.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nState whether the following statements about a constitution are True or False:
\n(a) Constitutions are written documents about formation and power of the government.
\n(b) Constitutions exist and are required only in democratic countries.
\n(c) Constitution is a legal document that does not deal with ideals and values.
\n(d) A constitution gives its citizens a new identity.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) False
\n(b) False
\n(c) False
\n(d) True<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nState whether the following inferences about the making of the Indian Constitution are Correct or Incorrect. Give reasons to support your answer.
\n(a) The Constituent Assembly did not represent the Indian people since it was not elected by all citizens.
\n(b) Constitution making did not involve any major decision since there was a general consensus among the leaders at that time about its basic framework.
\n(c) There was little originality in the Constitution, for much of it was borrowed from other countries.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) It is incorrect to say that Constituent Assembly did not represent Indian people
\nbecause:
\nAlthough the members of Constituent Assembly were not elected by Universal suffrage, but there was a serious attempt to make the Assembly a representative body.
\nThe Constituent Assembly represented the members of all religions, social and economic groups to accommodate all shades of opinion within it.
\nThe Assembly had 26 members even from scheduled castes.
\n(b) It is correct to say because:
\nObjective the Resolution containing principles was moved by Nehru in 1946 brought by the nationalist movement.
\nConstituent Assembly could not have functioned without any background consensus on main principles.
\nOur constitution does not have only rules and procedures but a moral commitment also to establish a government to fulfill the promises made to peoples.
\n(c) It is incorrect to say because:
\nThough they borrowed a number of provisions from Constitutions of different countries but it was not based upon slavish imitations.
\nEach provision before it was included, well considered by the members of Constituent Assembly.
\nLong debates and discussions also took place to examine the suitability to the conditions prevailing in India along with problems and aspirations of the people.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nGive two examples each to support the following conclusions about the Indian Constitution:
\n(a) The Constitution was made by credible leaders who commanded people\u2019s respect.
\n(b) The Constitution has distributed power in such a way as to make it difficult to
\nsubvert it.
\n(c) The Constitution is the locus of people\u2019s hopes and aspirations.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) The following two factors are responsible:
\nThe members of Constituent Assembly were elected by indirect election by the members of Provincial Legislative Assemblies to be established in 1935. Assembly reflected each of the communities, provinces, princely states through an appropriate formula. Even 28 members belonged to scheduled castes.
\nThe members of Constituent Assembly went through long debates and discussions for 166 days spread over two years eleven months.
\n(b) The following two factors can be summed up for the same:
\nOur Constitution has made institutional arrangements of government on the basis of check and balance approach. If one of the institutions goes beyond its limitations, the other checks it.
\nThe procedure for amendments is well elaborated for different articles of the Constitution.
\n(c) The following factors are responsible for the same because:
\nThe Constitution has provided some Fundamental Rights along with protected provisions,tibebthe judiciary has powers to protect them.
\nThe Constitution of India has incorporated some \u2018Directive Principles of State Policy\u2019 which are not justiciable but a moral duty of government. The governmenthas also given some effects to these in the form of fixed minimum wages, formation of Panchayati Raj Institutions, employment guarantee scheme and mid-day meal schemes, etc. to be the hopes and aspirations of the people.<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWhy is it necessary for a country to have a clear demarcation of powers and responsibilities in the constitution? What would happen in the absence of such a demarcation?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt is necessary for a country to have a clear demarcation of powers and responsibilities
\nin the constitution because:
\nTo ensure that no single institution acquires monopoly of power.
\nIn case of transgressions, it may be checked by one of the institutions.
\nTo specify who plays important role in decision-making powers.
\nIt shows how government would be constituted.
\nIt lays down some limits on the government and citizens both which are fundamental in nature which should not to be trespassed by government and citizens.
\nThe Constitution shows how organs of government are interrelated alongwith a demarcation of powers of institutions like legislature, executive and judiciary as well as statutory bodies, ibsbElection Commission of India, etc.
\nThe judiciary has been given a specific place to declare any law unconstitutional if not at par the provisions of Constitution.
\nIn the absence of such a demarcation:
\nThe federal set up would get strained and there would be crisis in center as well as states.
\nThere would be a problem to the citizens and laws will be proved to be unjust and unfair.<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nWhy is it necessary for a constitution to place limitations on the rulers? Can there be a constitution that gives no power at all to the citizens?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt is necessary for a constitution to place limitations on the rulers:
\nThese units are fundamental in the sense that the rulers may not trespass them.
\nCitizens have been specified certain fundamental rights in Constitution to limit powers of rulers.
\nCitizens have been granted some basic rights of liberties also, ibebright to freedom of speech and expressions, freedom to form trade union and associations, etc. which cannot be checked by the government.
\nOnly during the national emergency or in national interest, these rights may be withdrawn during some specific periods.
\nIt is necessary for a constitution to place limitations on the rulers otherwise they may turn to be a dictator and may overlook the people\u2019s interest constitution guards and controls the rulers.
\nNo, there can be no constitution that gives no power to its people:
\nIn a Constitutional monarchy, monarch decides the powers of people.
\nIn a dictatorship, the ruler is supposed to get the support of people to cling to the power, i.e. Pakistan\u2019s General Musharraf also conducted periodic referendum to hold power.
\nIn a democratic institutions\/Constitution; the people are the real source of power where public mandate is required to enact the policies for rulers.
\nThese can\u2019t be a Constitution that gives no power at all to the citizens. It is always for the welfare of the citizens of the country.<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nThe Japanese Constitution was made when the US occupation army was still in control of Japan after its defeat in the Second World War. The Japanese constitution could not have had any provision that the US government did not like. Do you see any problem in this way of making the constitution? In which way was the Indian experience different from this?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Japanese Constitution could not have had any provision that the US government did not like, after the defeat of Japan in Second World War (1939-1945), due to fact that Constitution seeks to perform the functions and look after the interest of the rulers or authorities in the country who has occupied it. But, in a democratic country, a constitution expresses the fundamental identity of people as in India.
\nIndian experience was different from the experience of Japan in the following manner:
\nThe Indian Constitution was framed by the Constituent Assembly which was elected to aspire India to be a society free of any sort of discrimination among people.
\nThe framers of Indian Constitution worked for leading a life of social dignity and social respect along with minimum material well-being and education to an individual.
\nIndian Constitution enabled the government to fulfill the aspirations of society, to make it more better.
\nIndian Constitution has inculcated the federal spirit with the distribution of powers between the different levels of government as well as bicameral legislatures and independent judiciary have also been set up.
\nThe Constituent Assembly framed Constitution after a long debates and discussions to provide political, social and legal equalities to the people.<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nRaj at asked his teacher this question: \u201cThe constitution is a fifty year old and therefore outdated book. No one took my consent for implementing it. It is written in such tough language that I cannot understand it. Tell me why should I obey this document?\u201d If you were the teacher, how would you answer Rajat?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nHad I been the teacher I would answer Rajat:
\nIndian Constitution is a blend of flexibility and rigidity. Hence, despite being fifty years old, it is not outdated as it has been amended a number of times whenever required to be modified from time to time.
\nThe Constitution was framed by the Constituent Assembly of an elected representatives from every section of society.
\nThough Constituent Assembly was dominated by Congress which occupied 82% of the seats in Assembly, but it has representation from every class, religion and communities, regions to accommodate all shades of opinion within it.
\nThough it is not possible to consult each and every individual in framing of Constitution, hence, the provisions were made to elect representatives from every section to reflect the people from all these.<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\nIn a discussion on the experience of the working of our Constitution, three speakers took three different positions:
\n(a) Harbans: The Indian Constitution has succeeded in giving us a framework of democratic government.
\n(b) Neha: The Constitution made solemn promises of ensuring liberty, equality and fraternity. Since this has not happened, the Constitution has failed.
\n(c) Nazima: The Constitution has not failed us. We have failed the Constitution.
\nDo you agree with any of these positions? If yes, why? If not, what is your own position?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIn the above mentioned conversation of three people focused whether the working of our Constitution is fruitful or not:
\n(a)
\nIndian Constitution is a document consisting the supreme and fundamental laws of country about powers, functions and structures of the government.
\nConstitution also shows that how the organs of government are interrelated with each other as well as the relationship between the government and its citizens.
\nIn the Preamble of Constitution, India has been declared A Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic to provide social, economic and political justice to all the citizens along with introduction of universal adult franchise also. But in practice Indian democracy is suffering from various social and economic evils which have proved a curse.
\n(b)
\nEquality and freedom of citizens is disturbed on the basis of some unconstitutional activities.
\nThough the provisions for free and fair elections have been made even then money and muscle power is prevailing everywhere.
\nSometimes political leaders are found to belong to criminal background and some play the politics of vote bank.
\nThe judiciary has to interfere in the functioning of executive and legislatures,
\nVarious problems are still being faced by country, i.e. terrorism, naxalism, communal riots, etc.
\nHence, we agree with the position of Neha that the goals which were supposed to be achieved through Constitution, has not still been achieved due to above mentioned facts, so we can say that the Constitution has failed to fulfill the needs of the individuals.
\n(c)
\nWe have failed the Constitution because we have not applied our sincere efforts towards citizens\u2019 welfare properly.
\nCorruption has taken place in public and private sector both, this is not only due to representatives but the citizens are not vigilant and dutiful also.
\nThe citizens are also supposed to be active in public affairs and to support other citizens in the exercise of the rights and discharge of obligations.
\nThe citizens should get themselves educated to curb social and economic inequality to implement the Constitution. Hence, it can be concluded that Constitution has not failed us but we have failed the Constitution due to our negligence towards our rights and duties<\/h3>\n

Very Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWhat is the Constitution?<\/h3>\n

Answer:
\nThe Constitution of a country is a written document which prescribes it to be a supreme law of the country to decide the structure of the government along with the rights and duties of citizens. The Constitution speaks of who would play a vital role in decision-making powers.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat are the features of the Constitution?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt is the Supreme Law of Country.
\nIt maintains a relationship between the government and the citizens of country.
\nIt constitutes the structure of the government.
\nIt tells who would play an important role in decision-making powers.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nWhat is the nature of India as per the Preamble of the Indian Constitution?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIndia is a Sovereign, Secular, Socialist, Democratic and Republic state.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nMention the function of Constitution which set some limits on our government but on the other hand it favors the citizens.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Constitution sets some limits on what a government can impose on its citizens. These limits are fundamental in the sense that government may never trespass them.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nWhat is the need and importance of a Constitution?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Constitution provides a framework within which a government has to work.
\nIt minimizes the chances of disputes among the various organs of the government as it clearly defines their powers and functions separately.
\nIt also controls the misuse of power by the government.
\nIt safeguards the fundamental rights of the citizens.<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWhat do you mean by \u2018Democratic\u2019 with special reference to India?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDemocratic denotes to choose democracy as a way of life and run the administration through democratic institutions like legislatures, executive, free and fair judiciary, etc.
\n\u2018Democratic\u2019 word in Preamble refers to social and economic democracy except political democracy.<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nWhat do the political and economic justice stand for?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nPolitical Justice: Political justice refers to equal political rights to be enjoyed by all the citizens of country where every citizen has right to elect the representatives as well as the right to be elected as representatives.
\nEconomic Justice: It refers to every citizen to get the equal opportunities to earn one\u2019s livelihood as well as equal payment for equal work.<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nWhat is Preamble to the Constitution?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nPreamble to the Constitution is an introductory part of Constitution which enables the people to assess and evaluate the performance of government in the light of objectives laid down into the Preamble.<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nMention the four main features of Indian Constitution.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt establishes a Sovereign, democratic republic in India.
\nIt establishes India as a secular state.
\nIt has provisions of fundamental rights as well as fundamental duties to the citizens of India.
\nIt establishes a parliamentary form of government in India.<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\n\u201cIndia is a secular state\u201d. Justify the statement.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe word \u2018Secular\u2019 was put in the Preamble to Constitution through the 42nd Amendment.
\n\u2018Secular\u2019 refers that the state has no religion of its own but shows due respect to all religions.
\nThe state observes complete neutrality in religious matters.
\nThe 45th Amendment carries equal respect and recognition to all religions.
\nNo discrimination in India has ever been made against any individual belonging to different communities, religions, castes, etc.<\/h3>\n

Question 11.
\nWhat do you understand by the terms liberty, equality and fraternity in the Preamble to Constitution?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nLiberty: It is stated in the Preamble as a goal that the people should have liberty of thought, expression, belief and faith, jfeftthe state should remove the obstacles for the individuals to enjoy freedom of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship.
\nEquality: The Preamble to the Constitution always emphasizes to remove any sort of discrimination on the basis of sex, religion, race, colour, caste, etc. by making the provisions:
\nArticle 14\u2014 Equality of Justice
\nArticle 15\u2014Social equality
\nArticle 16\u2014Equality to achieve administrative services
\nArticle 17\u2014Untouchability is removed (Social inequality)
\nArticle 18\u2014All the designations except academic and military were finished.
\nFraternity: Fraternity refers to brotherhood means equality of all citizens and their integrity. Everybody in society should be provided with the basic right to food, housing and clothing without any discrimination. Every citizen of the state is to be regarded as the part of the decision-making process.<\/h3>\n

Question 12.
\nWhat is the main difference between the position of the head of state in India and that of the USA?
\nOr
\nHow can you justify that India is a Republic?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIndia is a Republic because the head of the state is the President who is elected by the Electoral College of the Parliament and the State Legislative Assembly for a fixed period of five years.
\nThe difference between the position of the President of India and the USA is that in the USA, the President is the head of the presidential form of democratic government (real head of executive) whereas in India, President is the head of the parliamentary government, i.e. Prime Minister and his Cabinet is real executive and the President is the nominal head of the state.<\/h3>\n

Question 13.
\nWhat is the Constitution? How can we say that the Constitution is a living document?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nA Constitution is a written set of rules and regulations to run the government of a country. It also defines the positions of three organs of the Government, i.e. the executive, the legislature and the judiciary along with maintaining relations between the Government and the citizens.
\nA Constitution is a living document because:
\nIt contains provisions to resolve social-economic problems.
\nTo update at par the provisions of constitution, the amendments are made.
\nJudicial interpretations, executive orders, customs also support to the growth of a constitution.
\nA Constitution is capable to adopt the new conditions as they arise.<\/h3>\n

Question 14.
\nWhy should we respect our Constitution?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nWe should respect our Constitution because:
\nA Constitution is a supreme and fundamental law of country.
\nA Constitution distributes the powers and functions among the three organs of government, i.e. the legislature, the executive and the judiciary.
\nThe Government of India is composed of principles laid down in a Constitution.
\nA Constitution maintains relations between the government and the citizens.<\/h3>\n

Question 15.
\n\u201cIndia is a Sovereign, Democratic, Republic\u201d. Justify the statement.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIndia as a Sovereign State:
\nIndia has attained a full status of independent statehood.
\nIndia is no longer under subjugation of any foreign power.
\nIndia is free to conduct her internal and external affairs as she deems desirable.
\nIndia as a Democratic State:
\nThe ultimate source of political and constitutional authority in India is vested with the people.
\nElections are held on regular intervals on the basis of adult franchise.
\nEquality is the basic principle of a democratic form of government.
\nCitizens of India enjoy the justifiable fundamental rights.
\nRule of Law is an essential feature of Indian Democratic State.
\nIndia as a Republic:
\nThe head of the state is the President of India.
\nHe is elected by the electoral college of parliament and state assemblies after every five years.<\/h3>\n

Question 16.
\nIndian Constitution contains some provisions for social justice. Examine.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIn India, social justice is lacking due to the fact that persons who enjoy greater wealth and property, have power and others are deprived.
\nProvisions made in Indian Constitution to end social injustice in India:
\nThe Indian Constitution has declared the practice of untouchability, a punishable offence.
\nThe state will provide equal opportunities to all citizens of India.
\nNo one can be discriminated from using public facilities on the ground of caste, religion, language, etc.
\nIndia works on welfare state\u2019s philosophy to the welfare of people and upliftment of weaker sections.
\nConstitution has given special privileges to SC\u2019s, ST\u2019s, OBC\u2019s and even to women and minorities.<\/h3>\n

Question 17.
\nWrite a note on Constituent Assembly.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Indian Constitution was made by Constituent Assembly.
\nIt held its first sittings on 9 December 1946 and reassembled on 14 August 1947 by the elected members of Provisional Legislative Assemblies through an election.
\nIt was composed roughly along the lines suggested by Cabinet Mission and on 26 November 1949, 284 actual members appended their signature to the Constitution.
\nConstituent Assembly was made seriously a representative body in which the representation from all section of society was made and accommodated all shades of opinion.
\nThe Assembly took 166 days spread over two years, eleven months and eighteen days to frame the Constitution finally adopted.<\/h3>\n

Question 18.
\nWhat is the philosophy of the Indian Constitution? Discuss.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nFramers of the Constitution expressed their vision for a new society and polity.
\nDespite the differences of opinion, the framers reached a consensus to be reflected in the Constitution.
\nIndian Constitution was attempted to reach a goal of building a new social order on the basis of democracy, equality, and justice.
\nIt also projected fundamental rights and civil liberties of Indian citizens alongwith fundamental duties and directive principles of state policy.
\nIndian Constitution is based on a liberal-welfare-democratic society to be reflected in the Preamble.
\nThus the philosophy of the Constitution finds its expression in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution.<\/h3>\n

Long Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWrite the Preamble to the Indian Constitution.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Preamble: We, the people of India, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN, SOCIALIST, SECULAR, DEMOCRATIC, REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: justice, social, economic and political, liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship.
\nEquality of status and of opportunity, and to promote among them all:
\nFraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the nation. In our Constituent Assembly, this twenty-sixth day of November 1949, do hereby adopt, enact and give to ourselves this Constitution.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat was \u2018Objectives Resolution\u2019? Explain.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe best summary of the principles that the nationalist movement brought to the Constituent Assembly is the Objectives Resolution that defines the aims of the Assembly, moved by Nehru in 1946. It encapsulated the aspirations and values behind the Constitution:
\nIndia is an independent, sovereign, republic;
\nIndia shall be a Union of erstwhile British Indian territories, Indian States and other parts outside British India and Indian States as are willing to be a part of the Union.
\nTerritories forming the Union shall be autonomous units and exercise all powers and functions of the Government and administration, except those assigned to or vested in the Union;
\nAll people of India shall be guaranteed and secured social, economic and political justice. Equality of status and opportunities and equality before law and fundamental- freedom of speech, expression, belief, faith, worship, association and action-subject to law and public morality.
\nThe minorities, backward and tribal areas, depressed and other backward classes shall be provided adequate safeguards.
\nThe land would make full and willing contribution to the promotion of world peace and welfare of mankind;
\nAll powers and authority of sovereign and independent India and its constitution shall flow from the people;
\nThe territorial integrity of the Republic and its sovereign rights on land, sea and air shall be maintained according to justice and law of civilized nations<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nWhat are the unique features of Indian Constitution?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe unique features of Indian Constitution are as follows:
\nIndian Constitution is written set of rules and regulations and it is the lengthiest Constitution in the world containing 395 articles, 12 schedules and a book of more than 250 pages.
\nIndian Constitution has provided to Indian citizens fundamental rights and to establish a welfare state, directive principles of state policy have also been generated.
\nBy the 42nd Amendment in 1976, some (ten) fundamental duties have also been added up in the Constitution.
\nIndian Constitution is federal in structure but unitary in spirit.
\nThe Indian Constitution is a blend of flexibility and rigidity, i.e. some of the Articles in Constitution can be amended by simple-majority but some require 2\/3 majority of the parliament and voting in each house as well as to be ratified by at least half of the state legislatures.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nMention the sources of the Indian Constitution along with the feature taken from these sources.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Government of India Act, 1935:
\nAbout two-thirds of the Indian Constitution is derived from the Government of India Act, 1935
\nProvincial autonomy
\nParliamentary system
\nFederal count
\nFederal system
\nBritish Constitution:
\nParliamentary form of government
\nThe idea of the rule of law
\nInstitution of the speaker and his role
\nLaw-making procedure
\nSingle citizenship
\nSingle integrated judiciary
\nUnited States Constitution:
\nCharter of Fundamental Rights
\nPower of judicial review and independence of the judiciary
\nPreamble to Constitution
\nIrish Constitution:
\nProvided for the guidelines to the state
\nIncluded directive principles of state policy
\nFrench Constitution:
\nPrinciples of liberty
\nPrinciples of equality and fraternity
\nCanadian Constitution:
\nA quasi-federal form of government (a federal system with a strong central government).
\nThe idea of residual powers.
\nGerman Constitution:
\nEmergency provisions
\nIndian President\u2019s powers to impose external or internal emergencies.<\/h3>\n

1. Read the cartoon given below and answer the questions that follow:<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Question:
\nDoes this always happen in any constitution-making?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nNo, this does not happen in all Constitution-making if the representatives in Constituent Assembly are elected either directly or indirectly from all sections of society, the attempt of framing the Constitution would be successful.<\/h3>\n

2. Read the cartoon given below and answer the questions that follow:<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Questions:
\n(i) Can you identify what these different groups stand for?
\n(ii) Who do you think prevailed in this balancing act?<\/h2>\n

Answers:
\n(i) The cartoon refers to different religions, cultures, castes and regions having different preferences, i.e. liberal nationalists and radical nationalists.
\n(ii) Both the songs \u2018Jana Gana Mana\u2019 and \u2018Vande Mataram\u2019 were accepted as national heritage. The first is our national anthem and the second is our national song. All the Indians show respect and sing both the songs. Despite so many diversities of languages customs, cultures, festivals the whole country has the same respect for national song and the tricolour. They balance the diversity of India.<\/h3>\n

3. Read the cartoon given below and answer the questions that follow:<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Questions:
\n(i)What do these different people stand for?
\n(ii) Compare the conflict depicted here with that depicted in earlier cartoons for the European Union and India.<\/h2>\n

Answers:
\n(i) The cartoon refers to three different ethnic groups in Iraq, i.e. Shiites, Sunnis, Kurdis. The above groups stand for their own philosophies, ideologies and interests.
\n(ii) The Iraqi people expect to frame a new Constitution and to be accepted by all ethnic groups of Iraq. In the European Union, the attempt of the people failed but in India, the same attempt got success.<\/h3>\n

4. Read the cartoon given below and answer the questions that follow:<\/h2>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Questions:
\n(i) Why does the cartoonist describe the new Iraqi Constitution as the castle of cards?
\n(ii) Would this description apply to the Indian Constitution?<\/h2>\n

Answers:
\n(i) Because it is being prepared by pro-US. The people as well as the Constituent
\nAssembly of Iraq is not representing all ethnic groups of the country. Hence, the Constitution is imposed and will be scattered as a castle of cards.
\n(ii) This description does not apply to the Indian Constitution because:
\nIndian Constitution is not imposed on Indians, but it was framed from among different shades of opinion after a long discussions and debates.
\nIt was adopted by people willfully.
\nIt is a living document to be amended from time to time at par aspirations of people.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Class 11 Political Science(Indian Constitution at Work) NCERT book solutions for Chapter 1 – Constitution: Why and How? Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21830,"featured_media":118815,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-118813","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-education"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118813","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21830"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118813"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118813\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":118828,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118813\/revisions\/118828"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}