{"id":118831,"date":"2022-04-28T17:20:55","date_gmt":"2022-04-28T11:50:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/?p=118831"},"modified":"2022-04-28T17:20:55","modified_gmt":"2022-04-28T11:50:55","slug":"chapter-2-rights-and-duties-in-the-indian-constitution-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-political-scienceindian-constitution-at-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/education\/chapter-2-rights-and-duties-in-the-indian-constitution-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-political-scienceindian-constitution-at-work","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 2 – Rights and Duties in the Indian Constitution Questions and Answers: NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science(Indian Constitution at Work)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Question 1.
\nWrite true or false against each of these statements:
\n(a) A Bill of Rights lays down the rights enjoyed by the people of a country.
\n(b) A Bill of Rights protects the liberties of an individual.
\n(c) Every country of the world has a Bill of Rights.
\n(d) The Constitution guarantees remedy against violation of Rights.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) True
\n(b) True
\n(c) False
\n(d) True<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhich of the following is the best description of Fundamental Rights?
\n(\u0430) All the rights an individual should have.
\n(b) All the rights given to citizens by law.
\n(c) The rights given and protected by the Constitution.
\n(d) The rights given by the Constitution that cannot ever be restricted.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) The rights given and protected by the Constitution.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nRead the following situations. Which Fundamental Right is being used or violated in each case and how?
\n(a) Overweight male cabin crew are allowed to get promotion in the national airlines but their women colleagues who gain weight are penalised.
\n(b) A director makes a documentary film that criticises the policies of the government.
\n(c) People displaced by a big dam take out a rally demanding rehabilitation.
\n(d) Andhra society runs Telugu medium schools outside Andhra Pradesh.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) In this situation, Right to Equality is being violated on the ground of discrimination whereas nobody should be discriminated under the Right to Equality on behalf of Caste, Sex, Religion, Race, etc.
\n(b) In the second situation the Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression is being used.
\n(c) People displaced by a big dam take out a rally demanding rehabilitation. Though our Constitution grants right to reside and settle in any part of India in the Right to Freedom. But people have Right to Freedom of speech and expression also. In this case, the government can impose some restrictions to maintain law and order.
\n(d) This case refers to the rights of linguistic minorities to set up their own educational institutions to preserve their culture. Hence, Andhra Pradesh can enjoy the right to run Telugu medium schools outside Andhra Pradesh.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWhich of the following is a correct interpretation of the Cultural and Educational Rights?
\n(a) Only children belonging to the minority group that has opened educational institution can study there.
\n(b) Government schools must ensure that children of the minority group will be introduced to their belief and culture.
\n(c) Linguistic and religious minorities can open schools for their children and keep it reserved for them.
\n(d) Linguistic and religious minorities can demand that their children must not study in any educational institution except those managed by their own community.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(c) The statement of the above options is the correct interpretation because:
\nArticle 29(i) protects the interest of minorities in India to preserve their own languages, script and culture.
\nArticle 30 provides that all minorities shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nWhich of the following is a violation of Fundamental Rights and why?
\n(a) Not paying minimum wages
\n(b) Banning of a book
\n(c) Banning of loudspeakers after 9 pm.
\n(d) Making a speech<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Not paying minimum wages is a violation of Fundamental Right because:
\nThis act comes under Right against Exploitation.
\nBegar, forced labour, bonded labour or not paying minimum wages come under the Right against Exploitation.
\nIt has now been declared a crime and a punishable offence.<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nAn activist working among the poor says that the poor don\u2019t need Fundamental Rights. What they need are Directive Principles to be made legally binding. Do you agree with this? Give your reasons.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe most basic necessities of poor people are food, cloth and shelter. Hence, we can say that the activist is partly correct in saying that the poor don\u2019t need Fundamental Right.
\nDirective principles contain various non-justicable rights on which livelihood of poor depends:
\nRight to adequate livelihood.
\nEqual pay for equal work.
\nRight against economic exploitation.
\nRight to work.
\nBut, we cannot ignore Fundamental Rights which are important to guarantee the Right to Life, Employment and Right against Exploitation.<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nSeveral reports show that caste groups previously associated with scavenging are forced to continue in this job. Those in positions of authority refuse to give them any other job. Their children are discouraged from pursuing education. Which of their Fundamental Rights are being violated in this instance?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIn this instance, the following Fundamental Rights are being violated:
\nRight to Freedom: Under the situation given here the Right to freedom of profession of an Indian citizen has been violated due to force to continue in their jobs and to be refused the other jobs.
\nCulture and Educational Rights: The cultural and educational rights are also violated due to discourage of their children from pursuing education because every child has the right to get admission to any government or government aided educational institution.
\nRight to Equality: The Untouchability has also been abolished and everyone has the right to equal opportunities in employment because all the citizens are equal before law. Hence, right to equality is also violated.<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nA petition by a human rights group drew attention of the court to the condition of starvation and hunger in the country. Over five crore tonnes of food grains was stored in the godowns of the Food Corporation of India. Research shows that a large number of ration cardholders do not know about the quantity of food grains they can purchase from fair price shops. It requested the court to order the government to improve its public distribution system
\n(a) Which different rights does this case involve? How are these rights interlinked?
\n(b) Should these rights form part of the right to life?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) This case involves the following rights:
\nRight to Equality where everybody is equal before law and enjoys equal protection of law. This case refers that a large number of ration card holders do not know about quality of food grains from ration shops.
\nRight against exploitation due to ration shop owners exploit these ignorant people who are not having equal protection of law.
\nRight to life due to some of the people do not have knowledge about how much quantity can be purchased from ration shops, hence may starve in want of food.
\nRight to Constitutional Remedies is also involved because human rights group drew attention of the court to condition of saturation and hunger in the country.
\n(b) Yes, all these rights should form the part of the right to life.<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nRead the statement by Somnath Lahiri in the Constituent Assembly quoted in this chapter. Do you agree with him? If yes, give instances to prove it. If not, give arguments against his position.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nAfter reading Somnath Lahiri\u2019s statement (on page 36 NCERT Textbook). We agree with Lahiri\u2019s views because a police constable vigil over unlawful activities to maintain law and order into the society. Maximum fundamental rights work under this framework only as if, these are violated and requires remedial order by the court later on. These rights do not include:
\nRight to adequate livelihood
\nEqual pay for equal work
\nRight to work
\nRight against Economic Exploitation
\nThese are substantive to human life and should be incorporated as fundamental rights of people.<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\nWhich of the Fundamental Rights is in your opinion the most important right? Summarise its provisions and give arguments to show why it is most important.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIn my opinion, the Right to Constitutional Remedies is considered as the \u2018heart and soul\u2019 of Constitution, hence important, because:
\nA citizen can approach to the Supreme court or High court under this right, in case of violation of any of the fundamental rights.
\nThe court can issue some special orders for the enforcement of these fundamental rights under the title of:
\nHabeas corpus
\nMandamus
\nProhibition
\nQuo Warranto
\nCertiorari
\nUnder the above mentioned writs, the fundamental rights are defendable.<\/h3>\n

Very Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWhat do you mean by rights?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nRights are conditions of social life to be given by society and recognized by the state to promote welfare of the people.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat does \u2018duty\u2019 stand for?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDuty is the performance towards others, i.e. towards people, or nation or society, etc.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nWhat are \u2018Fundamental Rights\u2019?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n\u2018Fundamental Rights\u2019 are granted by the Constitution of India to its citizens to be mandatory for the development and progress of the people.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWhy Fundamental Rights are important?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nFundamental Rights are important because:
\nThese Rights ensure all those freedoms which make one\u2019s life worth living.
\nFundamental rights provide equality of status and opportunity as well as protect individuals from any type of exploitation.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nWhat does the Right to Equality stand for?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nRight to Equality stands for:
\nAll citizens of India are equal before law.
\nThis is an important right to abolish inequality among people of different castes and religion as well as between man and woman.<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWho has the power to amend the Fundamental Rights?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Parliament has the right to amend the Fundamental Right.<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nWhy Right to Freedom of Religion is an important right?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Right to Freedom of Religion is important because:
\nReligion is a matter of faith, relates to conscience of a person.
\nCitizens are free to adopt any religion.
\nCitizens can opt any mode of worship as per choice.
\nCitizens are free to manage their own religious affairs.<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nWhat is the importance of Article 21 of Indian Constitution?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nArticle 21 provides protection of life and personal liberty, i.e. no person shall be deprived of one\u2019s life except according to the procedure established by law of India.<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nWhat do you mean by \u2018Right to Freedom\u2019?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nRight to Freedom implies:
\nFreedom of speech and expression.
\nTo assemble peacefully and without arms.
\nTo form associations and unions.
\nTo move freely inside territory of country.<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\nWhat does the \u2018Right to Life\u2019 stand for?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nRight to Life stands for:
\nTo live up without fear, injury and external danger.
\nEven the individual himself does not possess the right to take away his own life, i.e. to commit suicide is also a crime before law.<\/h3>\n

Question 11.
\nWhat do you mean by the \u2018Right to Work\u2019?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nRight to work includes:
\nIt is the duty of the state to provide a work to all citizens to earn one\u2019s own livelihood.
\nThere should be efforts to remove unemployment from the society.
\nEvery state is responsible to make its citizens mentally and morally fit for struggle of life.<\/h3>\n

Question 12.
\nWhat do the Fundamental Duties refer in Indian Constitution?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Fundamental Duties were inserted in Constitution by 42nd Amendment in 1976:
\nTo remind its citizens, though they enjoy basic fundamental rights but they are supposed to observe certain basic norms of democratic conducts and behavior.
\nA set of ten fundamental duties of citizens have been enumerated by the amendment.<\/h3>\n

Question 13.
\nWhat are Directive Principles of State Policy?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDirective Principles of State Policy are guidelines only to the government which are \u2018non-justiciable\u2019. It implies:
\nThe goals and objectives that we as a society should adopt.
\nCertain rights that an individual should enjoy apart from Fundamental Rights.
\nCertain policies that the government should adopt.<\/h3>\n

Question 14.
\nAre there some exceptions to the Right to Equality? Explain.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nYes, there are two exceptions to the Right to Equality:
\nRight to Equality refers to making special provisions for women and children, SCs and STs, OBCs.
\nRight to Equality emphasises not to discriminate against anyone in the matter of employment but special provisions have been made for the reservation of post for backward classes.<\/h3>\n

Question 15.
\nMention any two discrimination\u2019s against women in our society.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nNormally women are low paid workers rather than a man as well as women are not economically independent.
\nWomen are illiterate in our society which is the main reason for the backwardness of women. Mostly parents prefer education of a boy- child rather than a girl-child.<\/h3>\n

Question 16.
\nMention the features of the writ of mandamus.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThis is issued by the Supreme Court to Lower Court, an official or an association.
\nIt protects the right of a petitioner and gets some duty done by the authority to whom writ is issued.
\nThe Supreme Court issues the writ to protect fundamental rights but the high court is empowered to issue it for other purposes also except safeguarding the Rights only.<\/h3>\n

Question 17. What do you mean by the writ Quo Warranto?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nQuo warranto issued to an individual who has usurped a public office.
\nIt is issued only if there is no other way to come out of grievances.
\nIn reply to Quo warranto the person concerned has to legally prove his right to hold the office, otherwise the court can get office vacated.<\/h3>\n

Question 18.
\nMention the six Fundamental Rights granted by the Constitution of India alongwith importance of these rights.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Constitution of India guarantees six Fundamental Rights as follows:
\nRight to Equality
\nRight to Freedom
\nRight against Exploitation
\nRight to Freedom of Religion
\nCultural and Educational Rights
\nRight to Constitutional Remedies These rights are of great importance because:
\nThese rights assure a man for his overall development.
\nWithout these rights, one\u2019s life cannot be made worth living.
\nIf these rights are violated, the court is responsible to justice.<\/h3>\n

Question 19.
\nWhich fundamental rights of Constitution protect the interest of minorities?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe following Fundamental Rights especially protect the interests of minorities:
\nRight to Freedom of Religion The minorities have been given the right and freedom to follow any of the religions as per their choices.
\nCultural and Educational Right
\nMinorities have right to protect and preserve their own culture, language, etc.
\nThe minorities can establish their own educational institutions for preserving their own culture.<\/h3>\n

Question 20.
\nMention some Fundamental Duties of Indian Citizens.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIn 1976, by 42nd Amendment of the Constitution, ten fundamental duties were inserted. Some of them are as follows:
\ni) To safeguard the sovereignty and integrity of the nation.
\nii) To protect the country and even to serve whenever needed.
\n(iii) To protect and safeguard those great ideals with which we succeeded in the national struggle.
\n(iv) To abide by the Constitution and to respect its ideals, National flag and National Anthem.
\nAnswer:
\n(i) The Fundamental Rights are not absolute because some restrictions can be imposed in the interest of public order, decency or morality.
\n(ii) These rights are justiciable.
\n(iii) The state cannot make a law which may violate the Fundamental Rights.
\n(iv) Some rights are available to all as the Right to Life and personal liberty and some rights are available to only citizens as the Right to Freedom of speech and expression.<\/h3>\n

Question 21.
\nWrite a note on \u201cNational Human Rights Commission\u201d.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nNational Human Rights Commission (NHRC) is composed of:
\nA former chief justice of Supreme Court of India.
\nA former Judge of Supreme Court.
\nA former Chief Justice of a High Court.
\nTwo other members who have knowledge and practical experience in the matters relating to human rights.
\nThe commission\u2019s functions are to receive complaints of:
\nCustodial deaths
\nCustodial rape
\nDisappearance
\nPolice excesses
\nFailure in taking action
\nIndignity to women
\nThe commission\u2019s most significant intervention has been in the case of disappeared youth in Punjab and investigation and trial of Gujarat riot cases. The commission does not have the power of prosecution, it can merely make recommendations.<\/h3>\n

Question 22.
\nWhat do you mean by Right to Property and Work?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIn 1978, by 44th Amendment to the Constitution the \u2018Right to Property\u2019 was removed from the list of Fundamental Rights and scheduled as a legal right under article 300 A.
\nRight to Property provides citizens with incentives to work to achieve their desired goals.
\nProperty may be immovable like houses, farms or movable like cash, jewellery and furniture.
\nRight to Work is another right to be possessed by citizens.
\nIt is the duty of society to provide every citizen with work, adequate means of livelihood and reasonable hours of work.<\/h3>\n

Question 23.
\n\u201cRights and Duties are interrelated with each other\u201d. Justify the statement.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nRights and Duties go hand in hand:
\nRights help to develop one\u2019s personality while duties help others to develop their personalities.
\nWe own rights but we owe duties.
\nDuties are our obligations towards others whereas Rights are other\u2019s obligations towards us.
\nRights are incomplete without duties whereas duties are meaningless without rights. Hence, it can be concluded that Rights and Duties are the two sides of the same coin.<\/h3>\n

Question 24.
\nDiscuss the importance of the Article 16 of the Constitution in reference of fulfillment of the Right to Equality of opportunity?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nOur Constitution mentions Equality of Status and Equality of Opportunity.
\nThe government is supposed to implement special schemes and measures to improve the conditions of certain sections of society.
\nThere is provision for reservations in jobs and admissions for children, women and socially and educationally backward classes despite we follow the principle of equality.
\nArticle 16 (4): explicitly clarifies that a policy of reservation will not be seen as a violation of Right to Equality. If we try to find out the spirit of Constitution this is required for the fulfillment of the Right to Equality of opportunity.
\nArticle 16 (4): nothing in this article shall prevent the state from making any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State.<\/h3>\n

Question 25.
\nWhat do you mean by Right against Exploitation?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Constitution prohibits \u2018traffic\u2019, i.e. selling, letting or disposing of men and women like goods, especially women and girl for immoral purposes.
\nThe Constitution prohibits Begar or bonded labour, i.e. to make a person to work against his will and not to pay him genuine wages also.
\nNo child under the age of 14 years shall be employed in any factory or hazardous work.
\nChildren are the asset of a nation, hence they should be protected from abuse and exploitation.<\/h3>\n

Long Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\n\u201cThe Right to Freedom is a cluster of several rights\u201d. Explain.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Right to Freedom guarantees various freedoms to the citizens of India:
\nFreedom of Speech and Expression:Every citizen of India enjoys the Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression of his views\/ideas freely either orally or in written form.
\nFreedom to form Unions and Associations:Citizens of India enjoy the freedom to form unions or associations to safeguard the interests to secure justice and equal opportunities.
\nFreedom to Assemble Peacefully: Citizens of India can assemble at a place peacefully without arms to interact with each other.
\nFreedom to reside in any part of India: Indian citizen may reside in any part of India which may be limited only for the sake of public order.
\nFreedom to move freely within the territory of India: Citizens of India are free to move freely within the territory of India subject to the restrictions imposed in the interest of public order or to safeguard the interest of ST\u2019s.
\nFreedom to Practice any Profession or Occupation: Every citizen has the freedom to choose one\u2019s profession as per choice as well as enjoy the right to change the profession according to will and circumstances.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat are the provisions of the Right to Equality?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n\u2018Right to Equality\u2019 refers that all citizens of India are equal before law, not to be discriminated on the grounds of caste, colour, religion, language, race, sex or place of birth, etc.
\nRight to Equality has been included under Articles 14 to 18 of Indian Constitution:
\nArticle 14: Guarantees equality before law and equal protection of law to persons living within territory of India without any discrimination on the ground of caste, colour, race, religion, language, sex, etc.
\nArticle 15: Guarantees social equalities, i.e. no discrimination on any ground as well as equal access of each and every person to the public places and facilities. And state cannot be prevented from making any special provision for women and children.
\nArticle 16: Guarantees equal opportunities for all citizens in the matters of employment or appointment to any office under the state without any discrimination means employment and appointments should be on the basis of merit.
\nArticle 17: Abolishes untouchability and its practices in any of the form are also forbidden.
\nArticle 18: Abolishes titles except the degrees and titles concerned with military and education. Even foreigners who are serving in India are not entitled to receive any title from foreign government without the consent of the President of India.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nMention the Fundamental Duties of a Citizen in Constitution of India.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nBy the 42nd Amendment in 1976, ten Fundamental Duties of Citizens of India were incorporated under Article 51A of the Constitution of India:
\nTo abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, national flag, and national anthem.
\nTo cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
\nTo uphold and protect sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
\nTo defend the country and render national services whenever required.
\nTo promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India and to renounce those practices which seem to be indignified towards women.
\nTo value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
\nTo protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife as well as to have compassion towards all living creatures.
\nTo safeguard public property.
\nTo develop scientific temper and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
\nTo strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual or collective activities to reach the nation to the higher levels of endeavours and achievements.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nThrow some light on the relationship between the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Fundamental Rights are guaranteed to the individuals but the Directive Principles are the instructions to the State:
\nThe Fundamental Rights are justiciable means in case of their violation, it can be challenged either in the High Court or Supreme Court that, oars a duty to safeguard the rights.Whereas Directive Principles of State Policy are not justiciable, these are only to remind to central and state governments about their duties.
\nFundamental Rights are directly concerned with each and every individual whereas Directive Principles of State Policy are directly concerned with the State only, where a State is expected to implement and also to achieve the goal of Welfare State.
\nFundamental Rights may be suspended during the case of emergency by the President including the Right to Constitutional Remedies also whereas Directive Principles of State Policy cannot be suspended even during these circumstances.
\nFundamental Rights concern with the overall development of an individual whereas Directive Principles of State Policy concern with society as a whole which have been mentioned in Article 38 to create a society by the State where all enjoy social and economic justice.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nWhat is the importance of the Right to Constitutional Remedies? Explain.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n\u2018Right to Constitutional Remedies\u2019 is the \u2018Heart and Soul\u2019 of Indian Constitution to protect the rest of the Fundamental Rights of the Citizens under Article 32 and 226. This right contains various writs to be issued by the Supreme Court and High Court from time to time:
\nThe Writ of Habeas Corpus:
\nThe Court orders that the arrested person should be presented before it.
\nCourt can order to set free an arrested person if the grounds of arrest are unlawful.
\nMandamus:
\nWhen the court finds that the particular office holder is not performing legal duty.
\nThereby, he is infringing on the right of an individual.
\nProhibition:
\nIt is issued by a higher court to a lower court on considering a case to go beyond its jurisdiction.
\nHigher court orders to stop the proceedings of certain case.
\nQuo Warranto:
\nIf the court finds that a person is holding office but is not entitled to hold that office.
\nThis restricts that person from acting as an office holder.
\nCertiorari:
\nThe Court orders a lower court or another authority to transfer a matter pending before it to the higher authority or court.<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Questions:
\n1. Name the Fundamental Rights whose violation is depicted in this photograph.
\n2. What is the provision under Right against Exploitation regarding the same picture?
\n3. Name any other form of exploitation mentioned under the Right against Exploitation except mentioned above.<\/h2>\n

Answers:
\n1. Right against Exploitation.
\n2. The Constitution forbids employment of children below the age of 14 years in dangerous jobs like factories and mines alongwith making child labour illegal.
\n3. Begar or bonded labour or forced labour or \u2018Trafficking\u2019 of human beings, especially women and girls are the other forms of exploitation mentioned under the Right against Exploitation.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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