{"id":118867,"date":"2022-04-29T11:26:01","date_gmt":"2022-04-29T05:56:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/?p=118867"},"modified":"2022-04-29T11:26:01","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T05:56:01","slug":"chapter-8-local-governments-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-political-scienceindian-constitution-at-work","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/education\/chapter-8-local-governments-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-political-scienceindian-constitution-at-work","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 8 – Local Governments Questions and Answers: NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science(Indian Constitution at Work)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Questions 1.
\nConstitution of India visualised village panchayats as emits of self-government. Think over the situation described in the following statements and explain how do these situations strengthen or weaken the panchayats in becoming units of self-government.
\n(a) Government of a State has allowed a big company to establish a huge steel plant. Many villages would be adversely affected by the steel plant. Gram Sabha of one of the affected villages passed a resolution that before establishing any big industries in the region, village people must be consulted and their grievances should be redressed.
\n(b) The government has decided that 20 % of all its expenditure would be done through the panchayats.
\n(c) A village panchayat kept on demanding funds for a building for village school, the government officials turned down their proposal saying that funds are allocated for certain other schemes and cannot be spent otherwise.
\n(d) The government divided a village Dungarpur into two and made a part of village Jamuna and Sohana. Now village Dungarpur has ceased to exist in government\u2019s books.
\n(e) A village panchayat observed that water sources of their region are depleting fast. They decided to mobilise village youth to do some voluntary work and revive the old village ponds and wells.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) This refers that Gram Panchayat was not consulted before the establishment of steel plant, by the state government. This action can weaken the institution of panchayats. The resolution passed by Gram Sabha strengthened the panchayats by giving them right to move to courts against the unilateral move of the state government.
\n(b) This decision of state government help the panchayats financially on the ground not to interfere in the decisions and priorities of the panchayats as well as panchayats need independent sources of revenue to operate effectively at the local level.
\n(c) This will weaken the Panchayati Raj because these institutions prioritize their developmental agenda themselves and denial for the same weaken them to become a self government.
\n(d) If this division has taken place on the recommendations of Panchayati Raj Institutions, it strengthen their powers but if it has been done on its own by the state, it would weaken these institutions.
\n(e) This will strengthen the Panchayati Raj Institutions\u2019 respect and power.<\/h3>\n

Questions 2.
\nSuppose you are entrusted to evolve a local government plan of a State, what powers would you endow to the village panchayats to function as units of self-government? Mention any five powers and the justification in two lines for each of them for giving those powers.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDevelopment works at village level, i.e. irrigation facilities, drinking water, construction of roads, etc.
\nAgricultural development to be supervised and implemented by the panchayats only related to agricultural practices in a modem method.
\nSocial welfare related activities to keep the records of birth and death in the village, family welfare and family planning.
\nThe Gram Panchayat should be given the powers to open and maintain schools and Libraries in the village to maintain primary education.
\nGram Panchayats should enjoy the powers to ensure better health and life of citizens to provide basic civil amenities.<\/h3>\n

Questions 3.
\nWhat are the provisions for the reservations for the socially disadvantaged groups as per the 73rd amendment? Explain how these provisions have changed the profile of the leadership at the village level.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIn 1993, two constitutional amendment Acts, were passed to recognise local self-government at the grass-root level. 73rd amendment made the following provisions:
\nThe reservation of seats has been made for SCs, STs, OBCs and women.
\nReservation for women at panchayats has ensured the participation of women in local bodies.
\nDue to this reservation, a number of women have occupied even the position of Sarpanch and Adhyaksha.
\nHence, more than 80,000 women Sarpanch have been elected so far.<\/h3>\n

Questions 4.
\nWhat were the main differences between the local governments before 73rd amendment and after that amendment?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nBefore 73rd Amendment:
\nLocal government was a state subject only.
\nStates were free to make their own kind of laws in local government.
\nAfter 73rd Amendment:
\nLocal governments have received the recognition as a separate entity in the constitution.
\nElections at every regular interval of five years have been made mandatory.
\nThe seats have been reserved in favour of SC\u2019s, ST\u2019s, OBC\u2019s and women.
\nState Election Commission has been appointed and made responsible to conduct free and fair elections here.
\nAfter every five years, state finance commission has been set up to review the finances of the panchayats and to make recommendations for grants to panchayats.
\nThe panchayats have been empowered to collect, levy the appropriate taxes, fees, tools as assigned by state government.<\/h3>\n

Questions 5.
\nRead the following conversation. Write in two hundred words your opinion about the issues raised in this conversation.
\nAlok: Our Constitution guarantees equality between men and women. Reservations in local bodies for women ensure their equal share in power.
\nNeha: But it is not enough that women should be in positions of power. It is necessary that the budget of local bodies should have separate provision for women.
\nJayesh: I don\u2019t like this reservations business. A local body must take care of all people in the village and that would automatically take care of women and their interests.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThis conversation is based on the issue of empowerment of women on equal basis:
\nThe constitution of India guarantees the equality of men and women.
\nUnder Article 15, no citizen can be discriminated on the grounds of colour, race, language and religion, caste, sex, etc.
\nArticle 39(1) and (d) ensure an adequate livelihood and equal pay for equal work for both men and women respectively.
\nAlok views that our constitution guarantees equality between men and women as well as reservations in local bodies also ensure the equal share of power.
\nNeha views to have separate provisions of budget to women to improve women\u2019s conditions.
\nJayesh views to provide provisions equally to all people living in village, hence women would automatically be benefited.
\nBut, if women will be provided to equal access along with men without any reservation, it will not get success at all.
\nWithout reservation, women will not succeed to the power and to make policies because of male dominant society in India.<\/h3>\n

Questions 6.
\nRead the provisions of the 73rd Amendment. Which of the following concerns does this amendment address?
\n(a) Fear of replacement makes representatives accountable to the people.
\n(b) The dominant castes and feudal landlords dominate the local bodies.
\n(c) Rural illiteracy is very high. Illiterate people cannot take decisions about the development of the village.
\n(d) To be effective the village panchayats need resources and powers to make plans for the village development.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) After 73rd Amendment Act, 1993:
\nIt is mandatory to hold elections after every five years.
\nIf the state government dissolves the panchayats before the completion of term, fresh elections must take place within six months.
\n(b) Reservation for SCs, STs, and women have been provided.
\nThe women have reservation of 1\/3 seats in local bodies.
\nSCs and STs have been given proportion accordingly to their population of that particular area.
\nHence, dominance of feudal lords and dominant classes has come to an end.
\n(c) In the eleventh schedule of the constitution, 29 subjects have been given to localbodies in 1992.
\nPrimary and secondary education is the part of this list to make the people literate in village.
\nThe state government would shoulder the responsibility. .
\n(d) The panchayats have been given powers to levy, collect taxes, duties and fees according to state government\u2019s provision.
\nThe provisions for the establishment of a state finance commission have also been made to review the finances of panchayats and to make recommendations also.<\/h3>\n

Questions 7.
\nThe following are different justifications given in favour of local government. Give them ranking and explain why you attach greater significance to a particular rationale than the others. According to you, on which of these rationales the decision of the Gram panchayat of Vengaivasal village was based? How?
\n(a) Government can complete the projects with lesser cost with the involvement of the local community.
\n(b) The development plans made by the local people will have greater acceptability than those made by the government officers.
\n(c) People know their area, needs problems and priorities. By collective participation they should discuss and take decisions about their life.
\n(d) It is difficult for the common people to contact their representatives of the State or the national legislature.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThese can be ranked as follows:
\n(c) People know their area, needs problems and priorities. By collective participation they should discuss and take decisions about their life.
\n(a) Government can complete the projects with lesser cost with the involvement of the local community.
\n(b) The development plans made by the local people will have greater acceptability than those made by the government officers.
\n(c) People know their area, needs problems and priorities. By collective participation they should discuss and take decisions about their life.
\nThe decision of Gram Panchayat of Vengaivasal village was based on the rational (c)\u2014 people know their needs, areas, problems and priorities to take decision about life.<\/h3>\n

Qustions 8.
\nWhich of the following according to you involve decentralization? Why are other options not sufficient for decentralization?
\n(a) To hold election of the Gram Panchayat.
\n(b) Decision by the villagers themselves about what policies and programmes are useful for the village.
\n(c) Power to call meeting of Gram Sabha.
\n(d) A Gram Panchayat receiving the report from the Block Development Officer about the progress of a project started by the State government.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) It may be the main point of involvement of decentralization.
\n(b) The representatives are elected by the villagers only from among themselves.
\n(c) It may also be subsidiary.
\n(d) It is the manifestation of the working of decentralization.<\/h3>\n

Questions 9.
\nA student of Delhi University, Raghavendra Parpanna, wanted to study the role of decentralization in decision making about primary education. He asked some questions to the villagers. These questions are given below. If you were among those villagers, what answer would you give to each of these questions?
\nA meeting of the Gram Sabha is to be called to discuss what steps should be taken to ensure that every child of the village goes to the school.
\n(\u0430) How would you decide the suitable day for the meeting? Think who would be able to attend\/not attend the meeting because of your choice.
\nA day specified by the BDO or the collector
\nDay of the village haat
\nSunday
\nNaag panchami\/sankranti
\n(b) What is a suitable venue for the meeting? Why?
\nVenue suggested by the circular of the district collector.
\nReligious place in the village.
\nDalit Mohalla.
\nUpper caste Tola
\nVillage school
\n(c) In the Gram Sabha meeting firstly a circular sent by the district collector was read. It suggested what steps should be taken to organise an education rally and what should be its route. The meeting did not discuss about the children who never come to school or about girls\u2019 education, or the condition ol the school building and the timing of the school. No women teacher attended the meeting as it was held on Sunday. What do you think about these proceedings as an instance of people\u2019s participation?
\n(d) Imagine your class as the Gram Sabha. Discuss the agenda of the meeting and suggest some steps to realize the goal.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) The day of village haat would be the most appropriate due to availability of a number of peoples to sell and purchase the commodities.
\n(b) The most suitable venue for the meeting would be the village school where every person feel free to move and come to join the meeting because rest of the venues are community based and people will not be comfortable to join the meeting.
\n(c) It was held on Sunday, hence the women teachers did not attend it.
\nA Gram Sabha meeting should be held to discuss the problems of village in place of organising an education rally.
\nThis meeting had to discuss the problems like education, condition of school, girls education as well as regularity of children in school.
\n(d) The agenda would be for meeting:
\nRegularity of students in school, if not, how to make it regular.
\nTo focus on poverty alleviation Programmes.
\nTo focus on Landlessness of farmers.
\nThe construction work in village required.
\nSocio-cultural programmes.
\nTo arrange the funds for the programmes decided.
\nVote of thanks by Gram-Pradhan.<\/h3>\n

Very Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Questions 1.
\nWhat do you mean by local government?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe local government gives a strength to the democratic setup in a country to ensure participation of local people at the level of villages and towns.<\/h3>\n

Questions 2.
\nName the Viceroy who created the local bodies in British India.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nLord Ripon (1882).<\/h3>\n

Questions 3.
\nName the states to have local government during 1960s and 1970s.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nMaharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Rajasthan.<\/h3>\n

Questions 4.
\nMention the sources of income of local bodies.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDifferent taxes.
\nIncome for passing the building plans of citizens.
\nGrants from state government.
\nIncome from entertainment taxes imposed on fares, circus, etc.<\/h3>\n

Questions 5.
\nName the main local self governing bodies.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nGram Panchayat to function in villages.
\nMunicipal committees in small towns.
\nMunicipal corporation in big cities.<\/h3>\n

Questions 6.
\nMention the three organs of Gram Panchayat.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nGram Sabha
\nGram Pnachayat
\nNyaya Panchayat<\/h3>\n

Questions 7.
\nWhat do you mean by Panchayati Raj?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nPanchayati Raj is a part of local government for the upliftment of villages.<\/h3>\n

Questions 8.
\nWhat are the organs of Panchayati Raj?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nGram Panchayat
\nPanchayat Samiti
\nZila parishad<\/h3>\n

Questions 9.
\nWrite the main functions of each of the organs of Gram Panchayat.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nGram Sabha elects the members of Gram Panchayat
\nGram Panchayat looks after the developmental projects in village
\nNyaya Panchayat settles down the minor disputes of villages.<\/h3>\n

Questions 10.
\nWho is known as Mayor?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe formal head of Municipal Corporation to be elected for one year by the members of corporation is called Mayor.<\/h3>\n

Questions 11.
\nMention the role of\u2018State Election Commissioner\u2019s.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe State Election Commission is an independent officer to be appointed by the state government to conduct elections in Panchayati Raj Institutions.<\/h3>\n

Questions 12.
\nWhat is the need and importance of local bodies?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nNeed: Local bodies ensure participation of local people to run the government who better know the problems as well as their solutions.
\nImportance: The local people co-operate with the administration for its smooth running.<\/h3>\n

Questions 13.
\nMention the views of Mahatma Gandhi on village Panchayats.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nHe strongly pleaded for decentralization of powers.
\nMahatma Gandhi viewed independence of India as a whole to begin at the bottom (village).
\nHe wanted every village to be self-sustained and capable of managing its own affairs.<\/h3>\n

Questions 3.
\nWhat is the composition of Gram Sabha?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt consists of all the voters residing in the jurisdiction of village panchayat either one or group of villages to meet at least twice in a year.
\nEvery resident either man or woman in the age of 18 years and above is the member of it.<\/h3>\n

Questions 4.
\nWhat are the main functions of Gram Sabha?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt elects the members of Gram Panchayat.
\nIt passes annual budget of Gram Panchayat and approves it.
\nIt gives suggestions to Gram Panchayat for agricultural and small scale industry development in the village.<\/h3>\n

Questions 5.
\nWhat is the composition of Gram Panchayat?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nEvery village having a population of 500 people consists of a village panchayat.
\nIt is formed by the members elected by the people of villages.
\nThe members of Panchayat are called Panchas and its head is known as Sarpanch to be elected for three years.
\nThe number of members should be minimum 5 or maximum 10.
\nEvery panchayat must have one female candidate and one or two members from SCs.<\/h3>\n

Questions 6.
\nWhat are the main functions of panchayats?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nTo call upon the meetings of panchayats and to preside over them.
\nTo settle down disputes with the help of other members (Panchas).
\nTo make plan for the welfare of the people.
\nTo obtain cash grants from state government for developmental projects of village.
\nHe is mediator between the villagers and the state government.<\/h3>\n

Questions 7.
\nWhat is the composition of Zila Parishad?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nAfter the 73rd Amendment:
\nThe members of Zila Parishad are elected by the people.
\nThe chairman is elected from among the elected members by the people.
\nMPs, MLAs, Collector, Deputy Collector and SDM are its ex-officio members.
\nThe reservation has been made for SCs, STs and women.<\/h3>\n

Questions 8.
\nMention the sources of income to Zila Parishad.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIn some state Zila Parishad is empowered to impose small taxes.
\nIt submits its annual budget to the state government for its approval.
\nIn some states, it receives some amount as a contribution made by panchayat samitis.
\nIt receives some amount in the form of government grants for development projects.<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nWhat is the composition of finance commission?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe state government appoints the state finance commission after every five years to allocate funds to the rural local self-government.<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\nWhat are the functions of state finance commission?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nTo examine the financial position of local governments.
\nTo provide recommendations to strengthen local government.
\nIt reviews the distribution of revenues between the state and local government as well as between the local and urban local government.
\nTo allocate the funds to the rural local self-government.<\/h3>\n

Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWhat does the Panchayati Raj stand for?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nPanchayati Raj was incorporated on the suggestions given by Balwant Rai Mehta Committee in 1956, which said that without the cooperation of local people, the development work cannot take place at local level. Hence, the three-tier system was established to decentralise the power and to give due representation to the local people to implement the programmes:
\nPanchayats at village level.
\nBlock Committees or samitis at block level.
\nZila Parishad or District Council at district level.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat is the composition of Panchayat Samiti?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe block panchayat is known as panchayat samiti, consisting of following members:
\nAll the Panchs and Sarpanchs of panchayats in a Block elect some members from among themselves.
\nIn some states, Sarpanchs are ex-officio members of panchayat samiti.
\nAll the MLAs and MPs of the district are ex-officio members of panchayat samiti.
\nThe Sub-divisional Magistrate and the Block Development Officers are ex-officio members of panchayat samiti.
\n1\/3 seats have been reserved for women as well as for SCs and STs.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nWhat are the main functions of Gram Panchayat?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIt works for promotion of agriculture to make arrangements for seeds and to make farmers aware of modern methods of agriculture.
\nIt makes arrangements for providing primary education to the children.
\nIt provides sanitary arrangements and facilities in the village.
\nIt makes efforts to improve health of the people and opens hospitals and dispensaries.
\nIt also makes arrangements for street lighting also.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWhat are the main functions of Gram Sabha?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nGram Sabha elect the Pradhan and Panchs of the Panchayat.
\nEven it can remove the Panchs and Sarpanch by passing a resolution by 2\/3 majority.
\nIt approves the annual budget of the village and votes on the imposition of taxes.
\nGram Sabha passes the annual budget of Gram Panchayat.
\nThe Gram Sabha decides the policies also for development work of the village.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nMention the weaknesses of Panchayati Raj system.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDue to illiteracy, most of the members are unable to understand the real concept of democracy.
\nThe village people still have the differences on the basis of caste and community, hence, they do not have real environment for democracy.
\nSometimes, the political parties interferes in the functioning of village panchayats.<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWhat were the constitutional provisions for local self-government before 1992?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nLocal government\u2019s subjects were assigned to the state government.
\nThese were included as Directive Principles of State Policy.
\nThese were non-justiciable and only advisory in nature.
\nIn 1952, a three tier system of local government was recommended, but these had no powers and functions to look after.
\nThe elections were not held regularly.
\nThese had to be dependent on the states for their grants and finances.<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\n\u2018The local government strengthens democracy\u2019. Justify the statement.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe local government involves the participation of local people.
\nIt deals with the day-to-day life and problems of ordinary citizens.
\nStrong local governments ensure purposeful accountability.
\nCommon peoples are the decision-making body for their needs and development.<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nWhat is the importance of year 1992 and 1993 for local governments?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIn 1992-73rd and 74th Amendment Acts were passed by the parliament.
\nThe 73rd Amendment was about rural local government and the 74th amendment was about urban local self-government.
\nBoth the Amendment Acts came into force in 1993.
\nAll the states had to change their laws about local bodies due to these amendments.
\nThe states were given only one year time for making necessary changes in their state laws.<\/h3>\n

Long Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nMention some subjects included in the eleventh schedule.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nEleventh schedule was listed with the 29 subjects in 1992 by the 73rd Amendment Act:
\nAgriculture and agricultural extension.
\nMinor irrigation, water management and watershed development.
\nSmall scale industries including food processing.
\nRural housing.
\nDrinking water.
\nRoads, culverts
\nRural electrification
\nPoverty alleviation programmes.
\nPrimary and secondary education.
\nTechnical training and vocational education.
\nAdult and non-formal education.
\nLibraries
\nCultural activities
\nMarkets and fairs
\nHealth and sanitation.
\nFamily welfare
\nWomen and child development
\nSocial welfare.
\nWelfare of weaker sections especially SC\u2019s and ST\u2019s
\nPublic Distribution System.
\nFuel and Fodder
\nNon-conventional energy resources.
\nMaintenance of community assets.
\nFisheries
\nAnimal husbandry, dairy poultry.
\nSoil forestry
\nImplementation of land reforms, soil conservation, etc.
\nKhadi village and cottage industries.
\nMinor forest produce.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nExplain the three tier structure of Panchayati Raj alongwith one function of each of them.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Panchayati Raj has three-tier system:
\nGram Panchayat at village level
\nPanchayat Samiti at block level
\nZila parishad at district level
\nComposition of Gram Panchayat:
\nThe members of the Gram Panchayat are elected by Gram Sabha and every adult who is the resident of village has the right to vote in these elections.
\nFunctions:
\nMakes arrangements for pure drinking water.
\nTo improve sanitary conditions.
\nMakes efforts for improving health of people by opening hospitals and dispensaries.
\nComposition of Panchayat Samiti:
\nThe members are elected directly by Universal Adult Franchise.
\nMLAs, MPs, SDM, BDO are the ex-office members.
\nApart, other members are elected and seats are reserved for SC\u2019s and ST\u2019s in proportion of population.
\n30% seats are reserved for women.
\nIts term is for five years.
\nFunctions:
\nIt looks after all the works of the gram panchayat in the area.
\nPromote scientific and modern agricultural practices and distributes seeds, fertilizers and scientific equipments.<\/h3>\n

3. Composition of Zila Parishad:
\nThe chairman will be elected by the elected members.
\nMPs, MLAs, Collector, Deputy Collectors, SDMs will be ex-officio members.
\nThe provision of Zila Parishad is composed of elected members.
\nA finance commission will be set up to review financial position and to recommend allocation of funds and grants in aid.
\nFunctions:
\nTo co-ordinate the working of Gram panchayats and panchayat samitis in the districD.
\nThe panchayat samitis pass their annual budget and send it to Zila Parishad. 120
\nQuestion 3.
\nDistinguish between Gram Panchayat and Gram Sabha. What are the functions of Gram Panchayat?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDifference:
\nGram Sabha consists of all the adult members (who has attained the age of 18 years) of a village or a cluster of villages constituting Gram Sabha, whereas Gram Panchayat is a small body, whose members are elected by the members of Gram Sabha.
\nThe term of office of Gram Panchayat is for five years whereas the Gram Sabha is a permanent body and not subject to dissolution.
\nGram Panchayat is an executive organ and monitors and evaluates the activities of Gram panchayat.
\nFunctions:
\nGram Panchayat looks after better health and life of the people to make proper civic amenities as village sanitation,drinking water, arrangements of lightening, etc.
\nGram Panchayat keeps the records of birth and death in village to ensure effective implementation of family planning and family welfare programmes, i.e. animal husbandry, agricultural development, etc.
\nGram Panchayat is responsible for certain development functions at village level, i.e. construction of roads, irrigation, etc.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWhat is the importance of local bodies in modern times?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe local self bodies are related with the daily life of the people to perform functions related to education, sanitation, public health, etc.
\nThe local bodies provide the right solution of the local problems due to participation of local peoples, where the central and state governments are unable to pick up the exact nature of problem.
\nThe local bodies lessen the work-load of the central and state government because they could not spare time to look into the local matters. Hence, local bodies can solve these problems easily.
\nThe local bodies develop the qualities of citizens to awaken the political consciousness and to experience the sense of liberty and equality which is essential for the success of democracy.
\nIt creates decentralization of powers, where people directly participate in the daily need, jobs and feed satisfied.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Class 11 Political Science(Indian Constitution at Work) NCERT book solutions for Chapter 8 – Local Governments Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21830,"featured_media":118815,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-118867","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-education"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118867","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21830"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118867"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118867\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":118868,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118867\/revisions\/118868"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118815"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118867"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118867"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118867"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}