{"id":118884,"date":"2022-04-29T12:23:50","date_gmt":"2022-04-29T06:53:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/?p=118884"},"modified":"2022-04-29T12:23:50","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T06:53:50","slug":"chapter-3-equality-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-political-sciencepolitical-theory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/education\/chapter-3-equality-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-political-sciencepolitical-theory","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 3 – Equality Questions and Answers: NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science(Political Theory)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Question 1.
\nSome people argue that inequality is natural while others maintain that it is equality which is natural and the inequalities which we notice around us are created by the society. Which view do you support? Give reasons.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nNatural inequalities:
\nThese inequalities emerge due to differences in personal traits either physical, or mental or emotional.
\nThese inequalities are the result of different characteristics and abilities of inborn qualities of a man.
\nThese natural differences cannot be changed also.
\nSocial inequalities:
\nSocially produced inequalities are emerged as a result of inequal opportunities, i.e. family background, educational factors, etc.
\nSocial differences reflect the values of society, which may appear to be unjust.
\nConclusion:
\nThe discrimination\u2019s based on gender, colour, race, etc. have been made by society rather than based on inborn characteristics.
\nSome natural differences have become alterable also, i.e. progress in medical sciences and technology has helped to several disabled persons to work more efficiently.
\nCertain inequalities have been existing for centuries seem justified, and based on natural inequalities, i.e. women are considered weaker than man in every aspect, hence to deny them equal rights is considered the justifiable.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nThere is a view that absolute economic equality is neither possible nor desirable. It is argued that the most a society can do is to try and reduce the gaps between the richest and the poorest members of society. Do you agree?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nEconomic equality: It refers to availability of equal opportunities to one and all present in the society, without any discrimination:
\nAbsolute economic equality of income has never existed in society. But democratic set up provides equal opportunities to at least those who are capable and possess potential with equal opportunities, inequalities may exist between individuals, but one\u2019s position may be improved with the sincere efforts in the society.
\nEconomic inequalities:
\nEconomic inequality exists if there are differences in wealth, property or income between different sections of society.
\nIt enhances the gap between the upper, middle, poor-rich and persons living below poverty line.
\nMeasurement of economic inequalities:
\nTo estimate the number of people who are living below poverty line.
\nTo find out the differences between the rich and poor.
\nImportance of economic equality:
\nEconomic equality guarantees each and everybody equal opportunities to improve one\u2019s potential and capabilities.
\nEconomic equality reduces the gap between the rich and the poor or high or middle class, etc.
\nEconomic disparities can make society more violent because the reforms cannot take place in such a society.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nMatch the following concepts with appropriate instances:
\n(a) Affirmative action
\n(i) Every adult citizen has a right to vote.
\n(b) Equality of opportunity
\n(ii) Banks offer higher rate of interest to senior citizen
\n(c) Equal Rights.
\n(iii) Every child should get free education.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\n(a) Affirmative action: Banks offer higher rate of interest to senior citizen.
\nAppropriate instances:
\nSenior citizens have contributed to the development and service of society throughout their age.
\nTheir age increases but their income decreases due to medical needs and social needs.
\n(b) Equality of opportunity: Every child should get free education
\nAppropriate instances:
\nEvery child should get an equal opportunity to get education, i.e. no one should be discriminated on any ground.
\nThis type of inequalities is against the principle of equality.
\n(c) Equal Rights: Every adult citizen has a right to vote.
\nAppropriate instances:
\nThis principle is based on one person one vote one value, i.e. every adult citizen enjoys the right to vote.
\nNo citizen should be discriminated on any ground to exempt from enjoying right to vote.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nA government report on farmers\u2019 problems says that small and marginal farmers cannot get good prices from the market. It recommends that the government should intervene to ensure a better price but only for small and marginal farmers. Is this recommendation consistent with the principle of equality?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nYes, this recommendation is consistent on the basis of the principle of equality:
\nA democratic country should have the provisions to protect the interests of small and marginal farmers.
\nThe small and the marginal farmers can get assistance from government for their betterment.
\nThe farmers (medium and small) can get social, economic and political justice due to this arrangements.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nWhich of the following violates the principles of equality? And why?
\n(a) Every child in the class will read the text of the play by turn.<\/h2>\n

(b) The Government of Canada encouraged white Europeans to migrate to Canada from the end of the Second World War till 1960.
\n(c) There is a separate railway reservation counter for the senior citizens.
\n(d) Access to some forest areas is reserved for certain tribal communities.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThis does not violate the principle of equality because every child is asked to perform the same activity without any discrimination.
\nThis violates the principle of equality due to discrimination on the basis of colour.
\nIt is not violating the principle of equality because senior citizens should be honoured and every individual one day can enjoy the same privileges.
\nThis violates the principle of equality because all tribal people should be treated equally, no one should be discriminated by reserving forest areas for some only.<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nHere are some arguments in favour of the right to vote for women. Which of these are consistent with the idea of equality? Give reasons.
\n(a) Women are our mothers. We shall not disrespect our mothers by denying them the right to vote.
\n(b) Decisions of the government affect women as well as men, therefore, they also should have a say in choosing the rulers.
\n(c) Not granting women the right to vote will cause disharmony in the family.
\n(d) Women constitute half of humanity. You cannot subjugate them for long time by denying them the right to vote.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe statement
\n(a) and
\n(d) both are consistent with the idea of equality because:
\nDecisions of government affects every individual either men or women equally.
\nWomen should not be discriminated on the basis of gender.
\nEquality and freedom are the two vital principles in a society, hence women cannot be denied the right to vote.<\/h3>\n

Very Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWhat is equality?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nEquality refers to avail equal opportunities to one and all without any discrimination on any ground and everybody is equal before law.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nMention the attitude of colonial masters about black people during twentieth century.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe colonial masters followed the policy of apartheid, i.e. discrimination on the ground of colour of people. Black coloured people were considered to be of less intelligence, childlike or to be good at manual work only.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nMention the attitude towards woman in orthodox India before independence.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nWomen were considered the weaker sex than men, hence it has justified to deny her equality of rights.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWhat is \u2018Feminism\u2019?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nA political doctrine of equal rights for men and women.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nWhat is a political ideal of equality?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nAll human beings exercise equal worth, regardless of their nationality, colour, race or gender<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWhat is political equality?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nEvery citizen should enjoy equal political rights without any discrimination.
\nIt is based on one person, one vote, one value.
\nEvery citizen can contest elections also.<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nWhat is slave trade?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nSlave trade began when Africans were enslaved by the individual traders and transported to work in American plantations of sugar, rice, coffee, cotton and tobacco-during 15-16th centuries. Gradually, slaves began to be sold and purchased and treated in an inhuman manner.<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\n\u201cNatural needs no longer can be seen as unalterable\u201d. Justify the statement.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nYes, natural needs no longer can be seen as unalterable because:
\nAdvancement in medical science has made disabled persons to be efficient to work effectively.
\nComputers even assist to blind persons.
\nA person\u2019s look can also be changed with cosmetic surgery.<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nHow can the concept of equality be argued?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nEquality can affect on family autonomy to increase competition in society.
\nIt may create bureaucracy to engulf between the masses and the state.
\nIt may lead to lowering of incentives and affect the efficiency of production process as well.<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\nWhat is equality before law?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nArticle 14 of Constitution of India guarantees all citizens of India equality before law and equal protection within territories of India as well.
\nNo citizen can be discriminated on the ground of caste, colour, race, religion, language, sex, etc.<\/h3>\n

Question 11.
\nWhat is the difference between equality and uniformity?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nEquality refers to a common identity of rewards and treatment as well. But uniformity refers to put each and every individual at one stage which is against the law of nature because men are unequal naturally, i.e. a mathematician cannot be placed to manual work as a mason.<\/h3>\n

Question 12.
\nMention different kinds of equality.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nNatural equality implies that all men are born free and equal, hence the state should promote social and economic opportunities to offer equality.
\nSocial equality makes all persons equally eligible to enjoy various opportunities.
\nCivil equality refers to discrimination among citizens of country and all persons enjoy some laws.
\nPolitical equality refers to enjoy political rights, i.e. to form political associations, contest elections, etc.
\nEconomic equality refers to enjoy wealth equally in the society and abolish poverty.<\/h3>\n

Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nWhat are the main features of equality?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nEquality does not offer any special privileges in the society to treat every member equal.
\nEquality provides adequate opportunities to each and every citizen in the society to develop one\u2019s own potential.
\nEvery individual must have an access to the basic needs of life in a society.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nMention political dimensions of equality.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nPolitical equality provides equal political rights to every individual. Its dimensions are as follows:
\nFor the success of democracy, all the citizens should have an equal right to enjoy universal adult suffrage.
\nEvery individual must have the right to be elected as a representative also to contest elections.
\nThe citizens must enjoy the right to hold public offices also without any discrimination except qualification.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\n\u201cSocial inequalities can be minimized by an affirmative action\u201d. Analyse the statement.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDisadvantaged communities should be provided with the facilities of scholarships and hostels, etc. in various institutions
\nIndia has adopted the policy of reservations of seats and quotas to provide equal opportunity.
\nSC\u2019s, ST\u2019s and OBC\u2019s require special attention, and protection to create a just society to expand democracy.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWhat are positive and negative aspects of equality?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nPositive aspect:
\nTo provide adequate opportunities to all.
\nEvery individual should get equal opportunities to develop one\u2019s own potential upto their best level.
\nNegative aspect:
\nIt refers to absence of undue privileges to people.
\nTo remove man-made inequalities in the society.
\nNo one should be discriminated on the ground of caste, colour, race, religion, language, etc.<\/h3>\n

Long Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\n\u201cPolitical liberty cannot be imagined without economic liberty.\u201d Analyse.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nLiberty and equality are contemporary to each other. Political liberty gives a freedom to an individual to participate in the activities of state, i.e.:
\nRight to vote to form government
\nRight to hold public offices
\nRight to form political party
\nRight to contest elections.
\nEconomic equality provides equal opportunities to earn the livelihood by an individual i.e.:
\nAll the individuals must have the means to meet their needs.
\nExploitation should not exist.
\nMeans of production and distribution should be made for public welfare. Relationship between political liberty and
\neconomic equality:
\nA poor man is attracted sometimes to false commitments of politicians as they lack in proper intelligence to identify right or wrong because they could not attain even good education, hence they are unable to use their right to vote properly.
\nSometimes poor voters sell out their votes to rich candidates who trap them by making commitments to fulfill their requirements either in cash or kind, hence the poor voters misuse their right to vote in place of utilizing it for the welfare of country.
\nTo contest elections is an expensive activity and the poor who cannot afford one day meal easily, it is not possible to contest elections. Hence, the poors are exempted naturally from contesting elections due to the lack of wherewithal.It can be concluded that political liberty requires economic equality also.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat is the relationship between liberty and equality?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nLiberty and equality run parallel to each other but sometimes it is presumed that both are opposed to each other.
\n1. Liberty and equality are complementary:
\nLiberty in absence of equality is meaningless.
\nProf. Laski, Powny Polard and Maclver support this view.
\nLiberty does not mean the same work and equal wages for all the people.
\n2. Liberty and equality are opposed to each other:
\nLiberty and equality are opposed to each other to curtail individual liberty.
\nDe Tocqueviflle and Lord Acton are the supporters of this view.
\nIf equality is established in actual sense, then no one will enjoy the liberty to sharpen one\u2019s own potential.
\nNature has also not created each and every individual equal hence everyone differs in one\u2019s own traits, qualities, capabilities, etc.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Class 11 Political Science(Political Theory) NCERT book solutions for Chapter 3 – Equality Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21830,"featured_media":118878,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-118884","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-education"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118884","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21830"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118884"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118884\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":118885,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118884\/revisions\/118885"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118878"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118884"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118884"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118884"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}