{"id":118896,"date":"2022-04-29T13:07:15","date_gmt":"2022-04-29T07:37:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/?p=118896"},"modified":"2022-04-29T13:07:15","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T07:37:15","slug":"chapter-9-peace-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-political-sciencepolitical-theory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/education\/chapter-9-peace-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-political-sciencepolitical-theory","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 9 – Peace Questions and Answers: NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Political Science(Political Theory)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Question 1.
\nDo you think that a change towards a peaceful world, needs a change in the way people think? Can mind promote peace and is it enough to focus only on the human mind?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nA thought process of persons requires a positive attitude to promote peace because mind controls the way of thinking and behaviour of human beings.
\nMind promotes peace but a wrong mind or attitude can create war.
\nGautam Buddha also stated that all wrong-doing arises because of mind. If mind is transformed can wrong-doing remain?
\nThe UNESCO also observed since wars begin in the minds of humans, it is also in the mind of men to make an approach in a peaceful manner.
\nTo facilitate such an endeavour various spiritual principles like compassion and practices like meditation perform peaceful approaches.
\nThough violence does not originate only in individual psyche but deeprooted also in certain social structures.
\nPeace is process involving an active pursuit of the moral and material resources needed to establish human welfare.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nA State must protect the lives and rights of its citizens. However, at times its own actions are a source of violence against some of-its citizens. Comment with the help of some examples.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nHuman beings created state for one\u2019s own protection of honour and property.
\nState maintains law and order.
\nState protects the rights of its citizens by providing them a constitution, laws, police, judiciary and armed forces.
\nState make efforts to end any type of violence created by social injustice and inequality based discrimination\u2019s like untouchability, etc.
\nA state should avoid those actions which may be a source of violence against some particular groups.
\nSome examples are:
\nIn 1984, a huge massacre of nearly 4,000 Sikhs took place in Delhi and the government could do nothing and even today, the victims feel that the guilty were not punished.
\nKhalistan movement also forced Hindus to leave Punjab, Haryana and Delhi and Sikhs were forced to move to punjab and Hindu Kashmiri Pandits. Sikhs were also forced to leave Kashmir Valley. And they could not return their home.
\nSeveral Hindus and Muslims were massacred in Gujarat in 2002 and still today these members could not go back to the villages in which they lived.
\nDuring the communist rule in USSR, peoples faced violence not to like the authoritarian policies of state.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nPeace can be best realized when there is freedom, equality and justice. Do you agree?<\/h2>\n

Ans. Yes, I agree with the statement because:
\nPeace has occupied a central place in the original teachings of religions which has been advocated by various philosophers like Mahatma Gandhi, etc.
\nPeace is an essential ingredient to establish democracy with two basic principles freedom and equality and justice and human rights.
\nSocial inequalities and wrong practices of caste, religion, language may produce large scale evil consequences:
\nSometimes, traditional caste system treats some peoples \u2018untouchables\u2019, hence \u2018peace\u2019 is meaningless for these people.
\nDiscrimination against women also given birth to female foeticides, inadequate nourishment and education to girl child, child-marriage, dowry, sexual harassment at the workplace, rape and honour killing.
\nRacial discrimination also continues in the west and directed against immigrants from Asia, Africa and Latin America.
\nThe labour class which face the conditions to be paid low wages and ill-working conditions also no meaning for peace.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nUse of violence does not achieve just ends in the long run. What do you think about this
\nstatement?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nSometimes violence is justified to be used as liberation struggles to bring a peace.
\nBut once violence is resorted it tends to spin out of control, leaving behind a trail of death and destruction.
\nThe pacifists advocate mobilization of love and truth to win the hearts and minds of the oppressors.
\nSometimes people consider non-violence to be the methods of weak which has been rejected by Mahatma Gandhi who articulated different philosophy of non-violence.
\nGandhiji gave idea of non-violence in a positive way which required an element of conscious compassion.
\nViolence should not be used to counter violence because peace can only be brought with the stress on peaceful means.
\nNon-violence does not refer just referring from causing physical harm, mental harm or loss of livelihood and it also meant giving up even thought of harming someone.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nDifferentiate between the major approaches, discussed in the chapter, to the establishment of peace in the world.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe first approach:
\nIt accords centrally to states, respects their sovereignty and treats competition among them as a fact of life.
\nIts chief concern is with the proper management of this competition and with the containment of possible conflict though inter-state arrangements like \u2018balance of power\u2019,
\nSuch a balance is said to have prevailed in the 19th country when the major European countries fine-turned their struggle for power by forming alliances that deferred potential aggressors and checked the outbreak of a great war.
\nThe second approach:
\nIt grants the deeprooted nature of inter-state rivalry with positive presence and possibilities of interdependence.
\nThis approach underscores the increasing social and economic cooperation among nations to temper state sovereignty and promote international understanding.
\nIts example may be given the post-World War II Europe secured durable peace by graduating from economic integration to political unification.
\nThe third approach:
\nIt considers the state to be passing phase of human history to envisage an emergence of a supra-national order and sees the fostering of a global community as the surest guarantee of peace.
\nThe seeds of such a community are found in the expanding interactions and coditions across state boundaries to involve diverse non-government actors like multinational corporations and people\u2019s movements.
\nThe ongoing process of globalization is further eroding the already diminished primary and sovereignty of the state, thereby creating conditions conducive to the establishment of world peace.
\nHence, united nations may be said to embody elements of all above mentioned approaches. The security council also reflect the prevalent international hierarchy. The economic and social council promotes interstate cooperation in many areas. The commission on Human Rights seeks\u00a0 to shape and apply transnational norms.<\/h3>\n

Very Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nDefine peace.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nPeace is a situation of non-violence as well as to live in a society and to work smoothly is called peace.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhat is non-alignment?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIndia has adopted non-alignment as its foreign policy not belonging to any block and it can take independent position on international issues.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nWhy do terrorist create terror?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nTo make democracy ineffective
\nTo force the government to fulfill their political, social and economic demands.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWhat is Naxalite terrorism?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nNaxalite violence created a serious law and order problem before the nation though killings, blasts, extortions and kidnapping in West Bengal in 1967 under the leadership of Mao and also spread to Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tripura, Odisha, etc.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nWhat is armed race?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nAfter Second World War, a competition emerged among the nations to develop a stock of weapons including nuclear weapons to become more and more powerful.<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWhat is pacifism?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nPacifism preaches opposition to war or violence as a means of setting disputes. Its principles spring from belief that war, or violence in any form of coercion is morally wrong.<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nMention some examples from 20th century to experience large scale violence.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nFirst world war 1914-1918
\nRise of fascism in Italy (1920-1944)
\nRise of Nazism in Germany (1930-1945).
\nPartition of India in August 1947.<\/h3>\n

Question 8.
\nWhat is disarmament?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDisarmament refers to stop the manufacturing and storage of deadly war weapons because an increase in the weapons will endanger the whole humanity and civilization as well as it increases the possibility of third world war.<\/h3>\n

Question 9.
\nWhat is Panchsheel?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nPanchsheel refers to the five principles that form, the basis of India\u2019s foreign policy. If these principles are practicised, the third world war can be avoided. These are five and proponuded by Pt. J.L. Nehru on April 29, 1954.<\/h3>\n

Question 10.
\nMention the five principles of Panchsheel.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nMutual respect for each other\u2019s territorial integrity and sovereignty.
\nMutual non-aggression
\nNon-interference in each other\u2019s internal affairs.
\nEquality and mutual benefits
\nPeaceful co-existence.<\/h3>\n

Question 11.
\nWhich factors make the terrorism a global phenomenon?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDevelopment and acquisition of weapons of mass destruction.
\nDevelopment of means of transportation and communication.
\nThe interdependence of different economies on each other.
\nThe advancement in technology.<\/h3>\n

Question 12.
\n\u201cThe post-Second World War decades were marked by intense rivalry between the two super power blocs\u201d. Justify the statement.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe Second World War ended in 1945 with the presumption to establish peace permanently but it gave birth to intense rivalry between the two superpowers, i.e. capitalist USA and communist USSR.
\nBoth the countries started to make nuclear weapons on a large scale as a symbol of power.
\nIn 1962, the Cuban Missile crisis took place on the discovery of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba.
\nUSA responded in the form of military action against USSR if missiles had not been removed.
\nThis eye-to-eye confrontation ended when the Soviet Union withdrew the missiles but it brought humanity perilously close to the brink of total destruction.<\/h3>\n

Question 13.
\nDoes peace always require \u2018Ahimsa\u2019?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nDotrine of Ahimsa or non-violence was propounded by Mahatma Gandhi.
\nNon-violence refers to non-injury to anything on earth in thought, words or deeds.
\nBut tolerance towards injustice was considered to be cowardness and this situation should be faced by pressurising the authorities.
\nHence, sometimes force is necessary to maintain peace.
\nBut, war should be the last effort to use power.<\/h3>\n

Question 14.
\nHas non-alignment played an important role in the maintenance of world peace?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nNon-alignment refers not to belong to any power blocs and to maintain friendly relations with other countries.
\nNon-alignment refers to peaceful co-existence in the international affairs.
\nNon-alignment has created new international economic order on the principle of equality and ended colonialism.<\/h3>\n

Short Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\n\u201cThe war is justified to some extent\u201d. Justify the statement.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nSometimes, to great extent war is avoided to maintain peace in international arena.
\nAt international level, the friendly and harmonious relations are a mandate to maintain peace.
\nIf any country does not work under the international norms, the UNO has a right to cheek its activities.
\nSometimes, the UNO also has to interfere forcible to settle down the disputes between nations.
\nHence, war is justified to some extent to settle down peace at the international level.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nWhy is disarmament necessary? Explain.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nBecause:
\nIf the tendency of manufacturing aid and strong deadly weapons is not checked on time, it may result in the third world war to endanger the humanity and civilization.
\nThe expenditure on military is extremely costly which is unproductive, hence, this amount may be utilized for some constructive usages to reduce unemployment, poverty, hunger and sickness into the society.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nMention the efforts of India in maintaining peace in the sub-continent during clashes with Pakistan.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIndia always concentrated to maintain peace and understanding between the two countries:
\nIn 1966, Tashkent Declaration was signed between Late Prime Minister Lai Bahadur Shastri and Pakistan\u2019s the then President General Ayub Khan.
\nIn 1972, Shimla Agreement was signed between the then Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi and Pakistan\u2019s the then Prime Minister Mr Julfikar Ali Bhutto.
\nIn 2000, India\u2019s the then Prime Minister Mr. Atal Bihari Vajpayee visited Pakistan with a goodwill mission to develop relations.
\nIn 2001, Pakistan\u2019s President and his delegations also visited India to meet with delegation of India headed by Mr. Atal Bihari Vajpayee in Agra to be known as \u2018Agra Summit\u2019.
\nStill, the everlasting peace between two countries has been only a dream for both the countries.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWhy India has not signed Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT)?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIn 1968, NPT was formulated and signed by U.K., USA, USSR alongwith other so countries but India refused to sign on it on the ground to be discriminatory in nature.
\nIn 1996, CTBT emerged to be controversial on the ground of discrimination between nuclear and non-nuclear weapon states and India had been actively advocating for Comprehensive Test Ban since 1954, hence India refused.<\/h3>\n

Question 5.
\nWhat is globalization? And how did India respond to it?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nGlobalization considers the whole world as a single unit on the basis of inter-dependence and social and economic interactions. India responded to the process from early 1980\u2019s to welcome the technological developments:
\nIt abolished industrial licensing except for a few specific industries.
\nCapital market reform was undertaken by setting up the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).
\nThe rupee was devalued in 1991.
\nPrivate sector banks including foreign joint venture banks expanded their operations.
\nA large number of items were left from tariff according to World Trade Organisation (WTO).<\/h3>\n

Question 6.
\nWhen was the UNO founded and what were its main objectives?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe United Nations Organisation was founded on 24 October, 1945, after the end of Second World War to avoid another world war and to avoid such a large scale destruction again with the following objectives:
\nTo establish international peace and security.
\nTo take immediate steps to avert wars.
\nTo promote goodwill and cooperation among nations.
\nTo promote economic, social and cultural relationship among nations at the international level.<\/h3>\n

Question 7.
\nAre the Human rights, Disarmament and New International Economic Order interrelated? Explain.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nHuman Rights: are mandatory to live a respectful life by the human beings.
\nDisarmament: stops the manufacturing and storage deadly war weapons to be mandate for the welfare of human civilization. New International Economic Order: maintain relationship between the different economies of the world.
\nAll the above three are interrelated because human rights are mandatory for the establishment of peace and peace can come through disarmament and money saved by disarmament can be spent for the welfare of nations through New International Economic Order.<\/h3>\n

Long Answer Type Questions<\/h3>\n

Question 1.
\nList the names of few Nobel Peace Prize winners and write a note on any one of them.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nMrs. Aung Saan Suu Kuyi (Myanmar)-1991
\nMiss Riyoberta Manchu (Guatemala)-1992
\nNelson Mandela and F.W.D. Clark (South Africa)-1993
\nYasser Arafal (PLO) and Yitzhok Robin (Israel)-1994
\nJoseph Rotblat anti-nuclear campaigner (UK) and the Purgwash Conference on Science and World Affairs which he chairs-1995
\nJose Romos Horta and Bishop Carlos Felipe (East Timor)-1996
\nJody Williams (USA)-International Campaign to Ban Landmines and Its Coordinator-1997.
\nJohn Home and David Trimble (Northern Ireland)-1998
\nMedicine Sans Frantiers (Doctors without Borders)-1999
\nKim Dae Jung (South Korea)-2000
\nKofi Annan (UN Secretary-General)-2001
\nAung Saan Suu Kuyi:
\nInspired much from the thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi.
\nRemained under house arrest in Myanmar for restoration of democracy and the freedom of her people.
\nShe says \u201cfor me, real freedom is freedom from fear to live a dignified human life\u201d. id) Her words suggest not to be afraid of the opinions of others or of the attitude of authority, or of the reactions of the members of out community.
\nHer book of essays also bears the title \u201cFreedom from Fear\u201d.<\/h3>\n

Question 2.
\nMention different types of structural violence?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nCaste as a cause of structural violence:
\nIn India, traditional caste system has been existed.
\nThis system considers the lower caste people as \u2018untouchables\u2019.
\nThis \u2018untouchability\u2019 resulted in social exclusion and deprivation of the worst sort. id) Though a social order based on class appears to be more flexible, still it generates a great deal of inequality and oppression.
\nClass-based structural violence capitalist vs. Labour class:
\nA sizeable unclass exists even in the developed countries.
\nIn the developing countries, the majority of labour classes faces the conditions of wages underpaid and ill-conditions of working.
\nBased on ill-treatment with women:
\nTo treat women with discrimination.
\nIts examples are abortion of female foeticides, inadequate nourishment to women, child marriage, education to girl-child, wife battering, etc.
\nThe low sex-ratio in India (933 females per 1000 males).
\nPolitical based structure violence:
\nThough imperialism and colonialism has been a rare phenomenon.
\nStill Palestinian struggle against Israeli domination shows not be rooted out this phenomenon.
\nEven European Imperialist countries also have to recover completely from manifold exploitation during colonial era.
\nRacism and communalism based structure violence:
\nIt involve stigmatization and oppression of entire racial group.
\nIt has been used to justify insidious practices like Negro slavery in USA, slaughter of Jews during Nazism and Apartheid policy in South Africa.
\nRacial discrimination is still in practice in the west and directed against immigrants from countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America.
\nCommunalism may be seen in South Asian counterpart of racism where the victims tend to be minority religious groups.<\/h3>\n

Question 3.
\nHow India has implemented Human Rights?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nIndia has granted and guaranteed all the human rights to its citizens which soever have been included in the UN declaration of human rights.
\nIndia is the largest democracy in the world to grant fundamental rights to its citizens constitutionally as well as opposed the violation of human rights by any country to raise voice against it.
\nIndia has established National Humans Rights Commission at the central level and state Human Rights Commissions at the state level to look into the complaints and to take their own initiatives to stop violation of human rights.
\nAs far as, human rights are concerned, various laws have been passed by the government of India to point out the case of torture by police, state managed encounters, and custodial death in violation of human rights.<\/h3>\n

Question 4.
\nWhat is the role of the UNO in maintaining world peace?<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nThe UNO has adopted various methods for the realisation of its objectives:
\nTo unite the nations in maintaining international peace and security.
\nTo ensure that armed forces will not be used except in common interest.
\nTo employ international machinery for the promotions of social and economic development of peoples.
\nTo practicise tolerance.
\nThe UNO has played following crucial role in the maintenance of world peace:
\nIn 1950, North Korea attacked on South Korea, the UNO intervened and sent the armies of 16 nations to control the war and it was stopped successfully.
\nIn 1956, Egypt declared nationalization of Suez Canal, hence England and France attacked on Egypt through Israel. The UNO made best efforts to end this war.
\nIn 1965, Pakistan attacked on India and the UNO intervened to end this war with the treaty of Tashkent in 1966.
\nIn 1991, the Gulf war took place between the USA and other European countries against Iraq. The UNO passed a resolution to end the war.
\nThe UNO has made many efforts for disarmament by passing many resolutions to maintain international peace and order.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Class 11 Political Science(Political Theory) NCERT book solutions for Chapter 9 – Peace Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21830,"featured_media":118878,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-118896","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-education"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118896","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21830"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118896"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118896\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":118897,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118896\/revisions\/118897"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118878"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118896"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118896"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118896"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}