{"id":119195,"date":"2022-05-04T11:18:22","date_gmt":"2022-05-04T05:48:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/?p=119195"},"modified":"2022-05-04T11:18:22","modified_gmt":"2022-05-04T05:48:22","slug":"chapter-1-what-is-psychology-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-psychology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/education\/chapter-1-what-is-psychology-questions-and-answers-ncert-solutions-for-class-11-psychology","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 1 – What is Psychology? Questions and Answers: NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Psychology"},"content":{"rendered":"

Question 1. What is behaviour? Give examples of overt and covert behaviour?<\/h2>\n

Answer:Behaviour refers to any response of an organism that can be measured. Any covert or overt action\/reaction a person does that can be observed in some ways.
\nA person running to catch train is an example of overt behaviour.
\nThe working of human memory or problem solving might be thought of as behaviour, even though they cannot be observed directly but must be inferred from their product.<\/h3>\n

Question 2. How can you distinguish scientific psychology from the popular notions about the discipline of Psychology?<\/h2>\n

Answer:The popular theories of human behaviour are based on common sense and may or may not be true if investigated scientifically.
\nCommon sense based on hind sight. Psychology as a science looks for patterns of behaviour which can be predicted and not explained after the behaviour occurs.
\nDweck\u2019s study on children (who gave up too easily when faced with difficult problems or failures) is worth mentioning here.
\nCommonsense tells us to give them easy problems, first in order to increase their success rate so that their confidence goes up.
\nDweck found that children who had always succeeded because they were given easy problems could not cope up with difficult problems and gave up faster in comparison to those who had experience of both success and failure and were taught to put more effort to deal with difficult problems.Such studies prove that predictions based on empirical studies are reliable and valid.<\/h3>\n

Question 3. Give a brief account of the evolution of psychology.<\/h2>\n

Answer:Psychology as a modem discipline has a short history but a long past. It grew out of ancient philosophy. It emerges as a scientific discipline in the following phases:
\n1. Structuralism:
\nIt is the oldest school\/approach to psychology, and it was proposed by William Wundt. Structuralists were interested in analysis of human mind and its structure.
\nThey were interested in conscious experience and wanted to study the building blocks of mind.
\nThey used introspective method to study mental processes and experiences.
\n2. Functionalism:
\nIt is an approach to psychology, developed by an American Psychologist William James.
\nThey (Functionalists) emphasised on what the mind does and the function of consciousness in adjustment to the environment
\nAccording to them consciousness is an on-going stream of mental process, it can\u2019t be broken down into parts.
\nThey also used introspective method to study mental processes and experiences.
\n3. Behaviourism:
\nProposed by John B. Watson who viewed psychology as the science of behaviour and behaviour could be described objectively in terms of stimuli and responses (S-R).
\nThis approach proposed that mentalist concepts such as consciousness, image or mind cannot be measured or studied objectively and scientifically.
\nWatson emphasised on observable and verifiable response to stimuli.
\nHe was influenced by Pavlov\u2019s classical conditioning and was interested in the study of learning.
\n4. Gestalt Psychology:
\nThis approach was a revolt against structuralism, founded in Germany by Wertheimer, Kohler and Koffka
\nIt focused on perceptual organisation (organisation of what we see) and they also demonstrated the laws of perceptual organisation.
\nStructuralist wanted to break down perception into elements but Gestalt stated that when we look at the world, our perceptual experience is more than the sum of the components of the perceptions i.e. we give meaning to perception.
\nFor example, when we look at a table we do not see four wooden legs and trapezoid plain surface above it but we recognise it as a table.
\n5. Psychoanalysis:
\nThis approach was proposed by Dr. Sigmund Freud.
\nHe viewed human behaviour as a dynamic manifestation of unconscious desires and conflicts of which we are not aware at present.
\nHe used psychoanalysis as a system to understand and cure psychological disorders.
\n6. Humanism:
\nIt was advocated by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
\nThey emphasised on the free will of human beings i.e. people are free to do whatever they choose to do. Their actions are not predetermined by any force.
\nThey said that human beings strive to grow and unfold their inner potential i.e. what they are capable of doing.
\nAccording to them all individuals have innate tendency to self actualise and all human activities are goal directed and worthwhile.
\n7. Cognitive Perspective\/Cortstructivism:
\nThis perspective is a combination of Gestalt approach and structuralist approach.
\nThis approach focuses on cognition i.e. how we know the world through thinking understanding, perceiving, memorising and problem solving etc.
\nJean Piaget and Vygotsky are the pioneers of this approach.
\nCognitive psychologists view the human mind as an information processing system like a computer.
\nMind is considered to receive, process, transform, store and retrieve information.
\nMind is dynamic and human beings actively construct their minds as they interact with the social and physical environment and interaction between adults and children.<\/h3>\n

Question 4. What are the problems for which collaboration of psychologists with other disciplines can be fruitful? Take any two problems to explain.<\/h2>\n

Answer:Psychology is located at the intersection of many fields of knowledge pertaining to human functioning.
\nIt contributes to the growth of other disciplines and draws subject-matter from them as well.
\nIn the study of brain and behaviour psychology shares its knowledge with neurology, physiology, biology, medicine and computer science.
\nIn studying the meaning, growth and the development of human behaviour in a socio-cultural context, psychology shares its knowledge with anthropology, sociology, social work, political science and economics.<\/h3>\n

Question 5. Differentiate between (a) a psychologist and a psychiatrist (b) a counsellor and a clinical psychologist.<\/h2>\n

Answer: (a) Psychologist\u2014A psychologist is someone who possesses the knowledge of psychology and holds recognized degree in the field; they work in diverse areas, like teaching, counselling, community etc. Psychiatrist\u2014They are qualified medical-practitioners who are concerned with psychological well-being of individuals. Clinical Psychologist and psychiatrist are different in the qualification and in roles. Clinical Psychologist cannot administer or prescribe drugs whereas psychiatrists are medical professionals and trained in administering medicine\/drugs to treat mental disorders.<\/h3>\n

(b) Counsellor\u2014A counsellor provides advice to the persons who suffer from motivational and emotional problems, they provide vocational guidance also. Clinical psychologist\u2014A clinical psychologist also helps people with behavioural, mental and emotional problems.
\nThey are post- graduate in Psychology and are specialised professionals.
\nThey provide therapy for various mental disorders, anxiety, fear or stress of any type.
\nThey use interview and administer psychological tests to diagnose the client\u2019s problem.<\/h3>\n

Question 6. Describe some of the areas of everyday life where understanding of psychology can be put to practice.<\/h2>\n

Answer:
\nPsychology is not only a subject that satisfies curiosities of our mind about human nature, but it is also a subject that offers solutions to a variety of problems. It ranges from personal to family, a community or even national and international dimensions.
\nThe solution of these problems may involve political, economic and social reforms; however, these problems are a result of unhealthy thinking, negative attitude towards people and self and undesirable patterns of behaviour.
\nA psychological analysis of these problems helps both in having a deeper understanding of these problems and also finding effective solutions.
\nPsychology enables an individual to understand oneself in a balanced and positive way without being reactionary, in order to deal with everyday challenges and meet with personal expectations.
\nTherefore, understanding of psychology enables a person to build stronger relationships at community level and improve individual strength.<\/h3>\n

Question 7. How can knowledge of the field of environmental psychology be used to promote environment friendly behaviour?<\/h2>\n

Answer:Environmental psychology studies the interaction between natural and man-made environment and human behaviour.
\nThe knowledge of environmental psychology can help us prevent big disasters.
\nWe can learn to modify our behaviour to prevent any unwanted and painful outcome.
\nFor example, if we know the hazards of growing population, we can certainly apply some measure to stop population growth.<\/h3>\n

Question 8. In terms of helping solve an important social problem such as crime, which branch of psychology do you think is most suitable. Identify the field and discuss the concerns of the psychologists working in this field.<\/h2>\n

Answer:The branch of social psychology is the most suitable for solving problems like crime.<\/h3>\n

It explores through thought process of people and their influence on other. Social psychologists are concerned with topics like attitude, conformity, obedience to authority, social motivation, inter-group relations, etc.<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Class 11 Psychology NCERT book solutions for Chapter 1 – What is Psychology? Questions and Answers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21830,"featured_media":119196,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-119195","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-education"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119195","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21830"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119195"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119195\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":119202,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119195\/revisions\/119202"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/119196"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}