{"id":119927,"date":"2022-05-05T16:43:50","date_gmt":"2022-05-05T11:13:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/?p=119927"},"modified":"2022-05-05T16:43:50","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T11:13:50","slug":"sociology-039-sample-question-paper-class-xii-term-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/education\/sociology-039-sample-question-paper-class-xii-term-2","title":{"rendered":"SOCIOLOGY (039) SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER CLASS XII TERM 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

SECTION A<\/h2>\n

1. A model of the South Asian colonial city
\nThe European town\u2026had spacious bungalows, elegant apartment houses,planned streets, trees on both sides of the street,\u2026clubs for afternoon and evening get togethers\u2026The open space was reserved for\u2026Western recreational facilities, such as race and golf courses, soccer and cricket. When domestic water supply, electric connections, and sewage links were available or technically possible, the European town residents utilised them fully, whereas their use was quite restricted to the native town. (Dutt 1993: 361)
\nRead the source and answer the following question.
\nDid the model of the South Asian colonial city cater to the needs of the natives? Give a reason for your answer.<\/h2>\n

Ans: No.
\nWhen domestic water supply, electric connections, and sewage links were available or technically possible, the European town residents utilised them fully, whereas their use was quite restricted to the native town.<\/h3>\n

2. Kumudtai\u2019s journey into Sanskrit began with great interest and eagerness with Gokhale Guruji, her teacher at school\u2026At the University, the Head of the Department was a well-known scholar and he took great pleasure in taunting Kumudtai\u2026Despite the adverse comments she successfully completed her Masters in Sanskrit\u2026. Source: Kumud Pawade (1938)
\nRead the source and answer the following question.
\nDo you think sanskritisation is a gendered process? Give a reason for your answer.<\/h2>\n

Ans: Yes. She felt that the study of Sanskrit can help her break into a field that was not possible for her to enter on grounds of gender and caste. As she proceeds with her studies, she meets with varied reactions ranging from surprise to hostility, from guarded acceptance to brutal rejection.<\/h3>\n

SECTION B<\/h2>\n

3. Agricultural productivity increased sharply because of the new technology. India was able to become self-sufficient in food grain production for the first time in
\ndecades. It was primarily the medium and large farmers who were able to benefit from the new technology.<\/h2>\n

3. A) What is subsistence agriculture?
\nAns: When agriculturists produce primarily for themselves and are unable to produce for the market, it is known as subsistence agriculture<\/h3>\n

3. B) Who were able to reap the most benefits from Green Revolution and commercialisation of agriculture?<\/h2>\n

Ans: It was the farmers who were able to produce a surplus for the market who were able to reap the most benefits from the Green Revolution and from the commercialisation of agriculture that followed.<\/h3>\n

4. In the mid\u20131970s, there was a renewal of the women\u2019s movement in India which was called the second phase of the Indian women\u2019s movement. There was the growth of what is termed as the autonomous women\u2019s movements.<\/h2>\n

4. A) How can these movements be called autonomous?
\nAns: The term \u2018autonomy\u2019 referred to the fact that they were \u2018autonomous\u2019 or independent from political parties as distinct from those women\u2019s organisations that had links with political parties.<\/h3>\n

4. B) Write about any one ideological change that was noticed in the autonomous women\u2019s movement.<\/h2>\n

Ans: \u2022 There has been a recognition too that while all women are in some way disadvantaged vis-a-vis men, all women do not suffer the same level or kind of discrimination.
\n\u2022 There has also been greater recognition that both men and women are constrained by the dominant gender identities. (Any one)<\/h3>\n

5. Compare the impact of just-in-time for the company vis-\u00e0-vis the worker.<\/h2>\n

Ans: Just-in-time keeps costs low for the company,
\n\u2022 but the workers are very tense, because if the supplies fail to arrive, their production targets get delayed,
\n\u2022 and when they do arrive they have to run to keep up which exhausts
\nthem.<\/h3>\n

6. Can we apply the distinction between old and new social movements in the Indian context?<\/h2>\n

Ans: No.
\n\u2022 New social movements are not just about \u2018old\u2019 issues of economic
\ninequality. Nor are they organised along class lines alone. Often, these
\nsocial movements unite participants across class boundaries.
\n\u2022 Identity politics, cultural anxieties and aspirations are essential elements in creating social movements and occur in ways that are difficult to trace to class-based inequality.<\/h3>\n

7. Often it is thought that imparting knowledge of ‘scientific’ farming methods will improve the condition of Indian farmers. Is this statement true? Give one reason for your answer.<\/h2>\n

Ans: \u2022 No
\n\u2022 Much of traditional knowledge about the land they till and the crops
\nthey sow is being lost as hybrid, high-yielding, and genetically modified
\nvarieties of seeds are being promoted as more productive and
\n\u2018scientific\u2019.<\/h3>\n

8. Differentiate between the organized and unorganized sector.<\/h2>\n

Ans:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n
ORGANISED SECTOR<\/td>\nUNORGANISED SECTOR<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Consists of all units employing 10 or more people throughout the year.<\/td>\npersonal relationships determine many aspects of work as opposed to organised sector which has welldefined rules.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Registered with the government to ensure that their employees get proper salaries and wages.<\/td>\nThe units need not be registered with the government.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

OR<\/p>\n

What are the social consequences of the long working hours in the IT sector?<\/h2>\n

Ans: \u2022 If both husband-and-wife work, then children have to be put in cr\u00e8ches.
\n\u2022 The joint family, which was supposed to have disappeared with
\nindustrialisation, seems to have re-emerged, as grandparents are roped in to help with children.<\/h3>\n

9. Labour is more free in an industrial society. How?<\/h2>\n

Ans: \u2022 By moving to casual industrial work through contractor system, the labour while they are still in debt, they are not bound by other social
\nobligations to the contractor.
\n\u2022 They can break the contract and find another employer.<\/h3>\n

SECTION C<\/h2>\n

10. Compare the experience of industrialization in the West with that of the Indian experience.<\/h2>\n

\nAns: \u2022 Unlike Britain where the impact of industrialisation led to more people moving into urban areas, in India the initial impact of the same British industrialisation led to more people moving into agriculture.
\n\u2022 Just as manufacturing boomed in Britain, traditional exports of cotton
\nand silk manufactures from India declined in the face of Manchester
\ncompetition. This period also saw the further decline of cities such as
\nSurat and Masulipatnam.
\n\u2022 When the British took over Indian states, towns like Thanjavur, Dhaka,
\nand Murshidabad lost their courts and, therefore, some of their artisans
\nand court gentry.
\n\u2022 Industrialization in the west was accompanied by the growth of a
\nwestern middle class. However, in India, it could not create any genuine middle class. We know only too well that the zamindars become parasites in land and the graduates job hunters.<\/h3>\n

11. Elucidate the phenomena of modernity. 4<\/h2>\n

Ans: \u2022 \u2018Modernity\u2019 assumes that local ties and parochial perspectives give way to universal commitments and cosmopolitan attitudes;
\n\u2022 that the truths of utility, calculation, and science take precedence over
\nthose of the emotions, the sacred, and the non-rational;
\n\u2022 that the individual rather than the group be the primary unit of society
\nand politics;
\n\u2022 that the associations in which men live and work be based on choice not birth;
\n\u2022 that mastery rather than fatalism orient their attitude toward the
\nmaterial and human environment;
\n\u2022 that identity be chosen and achieved, not ascribed and affirmed;
\n\u2022 that work be separated from family, residence, and community in
\nbureaucratic organisation (any 4 points)<\/h3>\n

OR<\/p>\n

19th century reform initiated a period of questioning, reinterpretations and both intellectual and social growth. Using suitable examples, justify the given statement.<\/h2>\n

Ans: \u2022 The\u00a0 idea of female education was debated intensely. Reformers argued that for a society to progress women have to be educated. Some of them believed that in pre-modern India, women were educated. Others contested this on the grounds that this was so only of a privileged few. Thus, attempts to justify female education were made by recourse to both modern and traditional ideas.
\n\u2022 They actively debated the meanings of tradition and modernity. Jotiba
\nPhule thus recalled the glory of pre-Aryan age while others like Bal Gangadhar Tilak emphasised the glory of the Aryan period.
\n\u2022 Muslim social reformers actively debated the meaning of polygamy and purdah. For example, a resolution against the evils of polygamy was proposed by Jahanara Shah Nawas at the All India Muslim Ladies
\nConference.
\n\u2022 Debates within communities were common during this period. For
\ninstance, sati was opposed by the Brahmo Samaj. Orthodox members of the Hindu community in Bengal formed an organisation called Dharma Sabha and petitioned the British arguing that reformers had no right to interpret sacred texts.<\/h3>\n

12. Identify and discuss the plight of the various stakeholders in the Bombay Textile strike of 1982.<\/h2>\n

Ans: \u2022 The Bombay Textile strike of 1982, which was led by the trade union leader, Dr. Datta Samant, and affected nearly a quarter of a million workers and their families. The strike lasted nearly two years.
\n\u2022 Women workers participated actively in the strike. However, they
\nexperienced a conflict between their role as a participant in the strike
\nand their responsibility towards their families and children.
\n\u2022 Members of the RMMS played a role in breaking the strike by bringing
\npeople to work.
\n\u2022 Nearly one lakh workers lost their jobs and went back to their villages,
\nor took up casual labour.<\/h3>\n

SECTION D<\/h2>\n

13. Jharkhand is one of the newly formed states of India, carved out of south Bihar in the year 2000. Describe the social movement that led to the creation of this state.<\/h2>\n

Ans: \u2022 The social movement for Jharkhand had a charismatic leader in Birsa Munda, an adivasi who led a major uprising against the British.
\n\u2022 Literate adivasis began to research and write about their history and
\nmyths. They documented disseminated information about tribal
\ncustoms and cultural practices. This helped create a unified ethnic
\nconsciousness and a shared identity as Jharkhandis.
\n\u2022 Literate adivasis were also in a position to get government jobs so that, over time, a middle-class adivasi intellectual leadership emerged that formulated the demand for a separate state and lobbied for it in India and abroad.
\n\u2022 Within south Bihar, adivasis shared a common hatred of dikus \u2013migrant traders and moneylenders who had settled in the area and grabbed its wealth, impoverishing the original residents.
\n\u2022 Adivasi experiences of marginalisation and their sense of injustice were mobilised to create a shared Jharkhandi identity and inspire collective action that eventually led to the formation of a separate state.
\n\u2022 The issues against which the leaders of the movement in Jharkand
\nagitated were: acquisition of land for large irrigation projects and firing
\nranges; survey and settlement operations, which were held up, camps
\nclosed down, etc., collection of loans, rent and cooperative dues, which
\nwere resisted; and nationalisation of forest produce which they boycotted.<\/h3>\n

OR<\/p>\n

Using an example, explain an ecological movement.<\/h2>\n

Ans: \u2022 The Chipko Movement, an example of the ecological movement, started in the Himalayan foothills.
\n\u2022 When government forest contractors came to cut down the trees,
\nvillagers, including large number of women, stepped forward to hug the
\ntrees to prevent their being felled.
\n\u2022 All of them relied on the forest to get firewood, fodder and other daily
\nnecessities. This conflict placed the livelihood needs of poor villagers
\nagainst the government\u2019s desire to generate revenues from selling
\ntimber.
\n\u2022 The economy of subsistence was pitted against the economy of profit.
\nAlong with this issue of social inequality (villagers versus a government
\nthat represented commercial, capitalist interests), the Chipko Movement also raised the issue of ecological sustainability.
\n\u2022 In addition, the Chipko Movement also expressed the resentment of hill villagers against a distant government headquartered in the plains that seemed indifferent and hostile to their concerns.
\n\u2022 So, concerns about economy, ecology and political representation
\nunderlay the Chipko Movement.<\/h3>\n

14. Show the relation between circulation of labour and feminization of agricultural labour force.<\/h2>\n

Ans: \u2022 As \u2018traditional\u2019 bonds of patronage between labourers or tenants and landlords broke down, and as the seasonal demand for agricultural
\nlabour increased in prosperous Green Revolution regions such as the
\nPunjab, a pattern of seasonal migration emerged in which thousands of
\nworkers circulate between their home villages and more prosperous
\nareas where there is more demand for labour and higher wages.
\n\u2022 Migrant workers come mainly from drought-prone and less productive
\nregions, and they go to work for part of the year on farms in the Punjab
\nand Haryana, or on brick kilns in U.P., or construction sites in cities such as New Delhi or Bangalore.
\n\u2022 Wealthy farmers often prefer to employ migrant workers for harvesting
\nand other such intensive operations, rather than the local working class, because migrants are more easily exploited and can be paid lower wages.
\n\u2022 This preference has produced a peculiar pattern in some areas where
\nthe local landless labourers move out of the home villages in search of
\nwork during the peak agricultural seasons, while migrant workers are
\nbrought in from other areas to work on the local farms.
\n\u2022 The large-scale circulation of labour has had several significant effects on rural society, in both the receiving and the supplying regions. For instance, in poor areas where male family members spend much of the year working outside of their villages, cultivation has become primarily a female task.
\n\u2022 Women are also emerging as the main source of agricultural labour,
\nleading to the \u2018feminisation of agricultural labour force.\u2019<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SECTION A 1. A model of the South Asian colonial city The European town\u2026had spacious bungalows, elegant apartment houses,planned streets, trees on both sides of the street,\u2026clubs for afternoon and evening get togethers\u2026The open space was reserved for\u2026Western recreational facilities, such as race and golf courses, soccer and cricket. When domestic water supply, electric connections, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21830,"featured_media":119933,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-119927","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-education"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119927","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21830"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119927"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119927\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":119957,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119927\/revisions\/119957"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/119933"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119927"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119927"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119927"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}