{"id":159977,"date":"2025-05-23T13:45:03","date_gmt":"2025-05-23T08:15:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/?p=159977"},"modified":"2025-05-23T09:34:53","modified_gmt":"2025-05-23T04:04:53","slug":"list-of-8-herbs-to-boost-cognitive-function-and-improve-memory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/india\/list-of-8-herbs-to-boost-cognitive-function-and-improve-memory","title":{"rendered":"List Of 8 Herbs To Boost Cognitive Function And Improve Memory"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">In <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">today&#8217;s<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> fast-paced world, mental clarity, focus, and memory retention have become essential. Increasing brain function is a primary goal for everyone, from students studying for exams to professionals juggling many balls\u2002in the air to elders who want to stave off dementia. Although diet, exercise and sleep are critical to brain health, many medicinal\u2002herbs are known as memory boosters and have <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">been used<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> for centuries in traditional medicine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Some herbs have bioactive compounds that increase cerebral blood flow, decrease oxidative stress, and augment\u2002neurotransmitter activity. Memory and clarity are thus key attributes of cognition that you need to be on the lookout for as you age. In this article, take a look at eight herbs that may assist you.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h2><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Ginkgo Biloba \u2013 The Memory Booster<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Ginkgo biloba is one of the oldest tree species\u2002in the world, often referred to as a<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> \u201c<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">living fossil.<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u201d <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">For centuries, its leaves have been employed in\u2002traditional Chinese medicine to improve cognitive function.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How it Works<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Ginkgo biloba contains several phytochemical constituents (flavonoids, terpenoids) that may\u2002have antioxidant activity. These constituents improve blood circulation to the brain,\u2002speed up the delivery of oxygen and nutrients, support memory and focus, and increase clarity of thought.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Benefits<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Enhances\u2002memory and cognitive function<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Enhances concentration and\u2002attention span<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">There are several overall health benefits of a low-carb lifestyle, but <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">helps<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> protect against neurodegenerative disorders such as\u2002<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Alzheimer\u2019s<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Decreases anxiety and\u2002depression symptoms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How to Use<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Tea:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Where dried ginkgo leaves <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">are marinated<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> in hot water for\u200210 minutes<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Capsules:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> 120\u2013240 mg\/day (see doctor)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Extract:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Adding to smoothies or\u2002herbal drinks<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n<h2><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Bacopa Monnieri \u2013 The Brain Tonic<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Bacopa <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">monnieri<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">, or Brahmi, is a\u2002cornerstone herb in Ayurvedic medicine. For <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">centuries<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> it has been used\u2002to increase brain function, learning capacity, and memory.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How It Works<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">This is because bacopa contains bacosides, which can repair damaged neurons and promote nerve\u2002growth. It also increases\u2002the production of serotonin and dopamine, the neurotransmitters implicated in mood and cognitive function.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Benefits<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Enhances retention\u2002and cognitive faculties<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Reduces stress and anxiety<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Will<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> boost the processing\u2002power of your brain<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Protects against cognitive decline\u2002related to ageing<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How to Use<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Brahmi Tea:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Boil fresh or dried Brahmi leaves in water<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Powder:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Combine with\u2002honey or warm milk<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Capsules:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> 300 mg &#8211; 500\u2002mg daily<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n<h2><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Rhodiola Rosea \u2013 The Mental Fatigue Fighter<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Rhodiola rosea is an adaptogen that assists the body in dealing with stress and improves\u2002cognitive function. Native to colder parts of Europe and\u2002Asia, <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">it\u2019s<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> widely used<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> in traditional medicine.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How It Works<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Rhodiola decreases cortisol and other stress\u2002hormones, enhances mental function and can reduce exhaustion. It also raises <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">mood-<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u2002and focus-improving neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Benefits<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">It helps to lessen\u2002mental exhaustion and brain <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">fog<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Improves focus\u2002and helps develop problem-solving abilities<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Enhances\u2002mood and alleviates anxiety<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Reinforces neuroprotection\u2002from degenerative diseases<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How to Use<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Tea:\u2002<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Infuse dried Rhodiola root in hot water<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Capsules:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> 200\u2013600 mg\u2002per day<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Tincture:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Add to\u2002herbal drinks or smoothies<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n<h2><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Ashwagandha \u2013 The Stress Reliever<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Another potent adaptogen\u2002is ashwagandha, or Indian ginseng, used in Ayurveda. <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">It\u2019s<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> been used for\u2002thousands of years to combat stress, anxiety, and cognitive decline, just to name a few.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How It Works<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">It helps regulate cortisol levels and reduce oxidative stress in\u2002the brain. It also increases the activity of brain-derived\u2002neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which helps neurons grow and repair.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Benefits<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Helps<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> with memory and\u2002increases cognitive capacity<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Reduces stress and anxiety<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Increases concentration and\u2002mental processing<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Defends against neurodegenerative\u2002diseases<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How to Use<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Powder:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Combine with hot\u2002milk or honey<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Capsules:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Consume 300\u2013500 mg\u2002daily<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Tea:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Infuse the\u2002dried Ashwagandha root in water<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n<h2><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Gotu Kola \u2013 The Memory Enhancer<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Gotu Kola, the<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> \u201c<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">herb of\u2002longevity,<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u201d <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">has been used in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine for thousands of years. If\u2002so, it is known for its cognition-boosting effects.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How It Works<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">The more blood flows to\u2002the brain, the better the delivery of oxygen and nutrients, which is where Gotu Kola comes into play. It also encourages nerve growth factors that\u2002help regenerate brain cells.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Benefits<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Bollettan\u2002teaches us to remember and learn <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">better<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Improves attention and\u2002focus<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Lessens anxiety\u2002and depressive symptoms<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Supports overall\u2002brain health and lifespan<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How to Use<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Tea:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Plunge dried Gotu\u2002Kola leaves into boiling water<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Capsules:\u2002<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">500\u20131000 mg\/day<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Tincture:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Mix\u2002into herbal drinks<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n<h2><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Lion\u2019s<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Mane Mushroom \u2013 The Nerve Regenerator<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Lion\u2019s<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Mane mushroom is an extraordinary medicinal fungus with potent\u2002neuroprotective properties. It\u2002has been traditionally utilised in Chinese medicine to improve cognitive function.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How It Works<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">The <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Lion\u2019s<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Mane mushroom\u2002is <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">especially<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> high in <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">hericenones<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> and <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">erinacines<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">, which help nerve cells grow and stave off cognitive decline. It also raises levels of BDNF, the chemical that\u2002enables brain plasticity.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Benefits<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Improves memory and\u2002mental clarity<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Facilitates nerve growth and brain\u2002healing<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Alleviates\u2002anxiety and depression symptoms<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Protects from <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Alzheimer\u2019s<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> and\u2002dementia.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How to Use<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Tea:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Infuse dried <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Lion\u2019s<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Mane in hot\u2002water<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Powder:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Mix into coffee,\u2002tea or smoothies<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Capsules:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> 500\u20133000\u2002mg\/day<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n<h2><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Turmeric \u2013 The Brain Protector<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Commonly used in Indian\u2002dishes, turmeric is a spice with hugely effective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant power. It contains curcumin, which\u2002can improve brain function.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How It Works<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Curcumin has demonstrated the ability to\u2002cross the blood-brain barrier and to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. The latter also raises BDNF levels, promoting\u2002neural formation and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative conditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Benefits<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Enhances memory\u2002and cognitive performance<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Decreases brain\u2002inflammation and oxidative stress<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Improves\u2002mood and lessens depression symptoms<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Prevents <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Alzheimer\u2019s<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u2002disease<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How to Use<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Golden milk:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Blend some turmeric powder with warm milk\u2002and honey<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Capsules:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> 500\u20132000 mg\/day, with black pepper for better\u2002absorption<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Tea:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Boil\u2002fresh turmeric root in some water<\/span><\/li>\n<li>\n<h2><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Sage \u2013 The Cognitive Enhancer<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Sage is an aromatic herb used in\u2002cooking and medicine. Studies have demonstrated its\u2002ability to improve both cognition and memory.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How It Works<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Sage interferes with the breakdown\u2002of acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter needed for memory and learning. It also scavenges\u2002free radicals for a powerful anti-oxidative effect that protects brain cells from damage.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Benefits<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Enhances\u2002memory and learning capacity<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Improves focus and mental\u2002clarity<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Prevents\u2002cognitive decline<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Boosts mood and\u2002lowers stress levels<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">How to Use<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Tea:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Pour hot water over fresh or dried sage\u2002leaves and steep<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Oils:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> For Diffusing or\u2002Applying<\/span><\/li>\n<li><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Culinary:<\/span><\/strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> Sprinkle\u2002on soups, stews, and herbal infusions<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Including strong herbs like this in your daily routine can improve memory, focus,\u2002and mind health. They are a\u2002natural source available in teas, capsules, and tinctures to enhance cognitive function. However, it is essential\u2002to take herbal supplements after consulting the key healthcare provider if you suffer from pre-existing medical conditions or consume medications.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Combined with a healthy lifestyle, holistic nutrition, and regular brain\u2002workouts, these herbs can help you leverage your <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">brain&#8217;s<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> full potential and neuroprotect your mental capacities for life.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In today&#8217;s fast-paced world, mental clarity, focus, and memory retention have become essential. Increasing brain function is a primary goal for everyone, from students studying for exams to professionals juggling many balls\u2002in the air to elders who want to stave off dementia. Although diet, exercise and sleep are critical to brain health, many medicinal\u2002herbs are [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21868,"featured_media":160822,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12231,12268,12201,11315],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-159977","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-asia","8":"category-benefits","9":"category-care","10":"category-india"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159977","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21868"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=159977"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159977\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":160758,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/159977\/revisions\/160758"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/160822"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=159977"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=159977"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/my-india\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=159977"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}