Briefly explain any three of the following techniques of Scientific Management as given by F.W. Taylor:

Question 14:Briefly explain any three of the following techniques of Scientific Management as given by F.W. Taylor:

a. Method study
b. Functional foremanship
c. Standardization
d. Differential piece wage system

The correct answer is -Method Study
The objective of method study is to find out one best way of doing the job.
There are various methods of doing the job. To determine the best way there
are several parameters. Right from procurement of raw materials till the final
product is delivered to the customer every activity is part of method study.
Taylor devised the concept of assembly line by using method study. Ford
Motor
Company used this concept very successfully. Even now auto companies are
using it.
The objective of the whole exercise is to minimize the cost of production and
maximize the quality and satisfaction of the customer. For this purpose many
techniques like process charts and operations research etc. are used.
For designing a car, the assembly line production would entail deciding the
sequence of operations, place for men, machines and raw materials etc. All
this is part of method study.
(b) Functional foremanship is an extension of the principle of division of work
and specialization to the shop floor. Each worker will have to take orders from
these eight foremen in the related process or function of production. Foremen
should have intelligence, education, tact, grit, judgment, special knowledge,
manual dexterity, and energy, honesty and good health. Since all these
qualities could not be found in a single person, Taylor proposed eight
specialists. Each specialist is to be assigned work according to her/his qualities.
For example, those with technical mastery, intelligence and grit may be given
planning work. Those with energy and good health may be assigned execution
work
( c ) Standardization refers to the process of setting standards for every
business activity; it can be standardization of process, raw material, time,
product, machinery, methods or working conditions. These standards are the
benchmarks, which must be adhered to during production. The Objective Of
(i) To reduce a given line or product to fixed types, sizes and characteristics.
(ii) To establish interchangeability of manufactured parts and products.
(iii) To establish standards of excellence and quality in materials.
(iv) To establish standards of performance of men and machines
(d) Taylor was a strong advocate of a piece wage system. He wanted to
differentiate between efficient and inefficient workers. The standard time and
other parameters should be determined on the basis of the work- study
discussed above. The workers can then be classified as efficient or inefficient
on the basis of these standards. He wanted to reward efficient workers. So he
introduced different rates of wage payment for those who performed above
standard and for those who performed below standard.