Tamil Nadu Becomes The First Biodiversity Heritage Site

As per the Biological Diversity Act of 2002, the state of Tamil Nadu on November 22 designated 195 hectares of land in the localities of Meenakshipuram and Arittapatti in the Madurai District as the "Arittapatti Biodiversity Heritage Site." This is Tamil Nadu's 1st officially recognised Biodiversity Heritage Site (BHS). Heritage sites for biodiversity are demarcated with distinctive and delicate environments, a wide variety of domesticated and wild organisms, and unique, endangered, and keystone lifeforms.

Key points about the Arittapatti Site

Arittapatti's settlement is made out of seven exposed granite hillocks. In addition, three check dams, 200 natural ponds, and over 70 lakes are all sustained by the distinctive topography of rocky hills that also function as a watershed.
Moreover, Anaikondan Lake is among the reservoir constructed in the sixteenth century under the dominion of the Pandyas. Approximately 260 bird species, such as three flagship raptor birds, namely Bonelli's Eagle, Falcon, Shaheen Falcon, and —as well as other animals like slender lorises, pythons, and Indian pangolins—can be found on the hills in Arittapatti village, which have significant biological and historical value. The location also has several megalithic buildings, Tamil Brahmi writings, Jain altars, and 2000-year-old stone temples, all adding to its historical significance.
After discussing with local people, the archaeology division of the state of Tamil Nadu decided to designate Arittapatti as a Biodiversity Heritage Site. With the engagement of local people, this announcement will boost biodiversity conservation initiatives. It will also assist in conserving the area's rich ecological and historical treasures.

Biodiversity Heritage Site (BHS)

Areas with varied, sensitive landscapes, a wide range of wild and farmed organisms, and unusual, vulnerable, and keystone animals are considered Biodiversity Heritage Sites. The significance and objectives of BHS are described in Section 37 of the Biological Diversity Act of the year 2002. The formation of BHS may still not limit the customs and utilisations of the local populations other than those that are voluntarily chosen by such communities. Through conservation activities, the quality of life for locals is intended to be improved.

Benefits of Designating a place as BHS

Designating a place as a Biodiversity Heritage Site (BHS) in India can bring numerous benefits for conserving and preserving its unique biodiversity. Some of the key benefits include:

Conservation of Biodiversity

BHS helps in conserving and preserving the unique biodiversity of a particular place. These sites have significant ecological, biological, and cultural value and are protected from any destructive activities that might harm the local flora and fauna.

Ecological Integrity

BHSs help maintains ecological integrity by preserving the natural habitats of species. The designation helps to keep the balance between human activities and the needs of wildlife, ensuring that the site remains ecologically viable for years to come.

Research and Education

BHSs serve as important sites for research, study, and education. Scientists and researchers can study the unique flora and fauna of the area to gain insight into their ecology and behaviour. Additionally, BHSs can serve as outdoor classrooms and laboratories for students to learn about biodiversity and its importance.

Tourism

It can attract tourism and generate revenue for the local economy. Visitors can enjoy the beauty of the natural landscape, learn about local cultures and traditions, and engage in outdoor activities such as hiking and bird-watching. This can lead to the development of eco-tourism, a sustainable form of tourism that prioritises biodiversity conservation.