How do satellites remain in orbit instead of falling to Earth?
Satellites remain in orbit because they are constantly falling toward Earth while moving forward at very high speed. Earth’s gravity pulls a satellite toward the planet, but the satellite’s sideways velocity carries it forward. As it falls, Earth’s curved surface moves away beneath it, allowing the satellite to keep circling Earth instead of crashing into it.
The balance between gravity and the satellite’s forward motion creates an orbit. A satellite in a lower orbit must travel faster to maintain its path, while satellites in higher orbits generally move more slowly. The exact speed required depends on the satellite’s altitude and orbit.
Satellites can eventually lose altitude because of factors such as atmospheric drag, especially in low Earth orbit. When this happens, they may need adjustments or eventually re-enter Earth’s atmosphere. Some satellites use small thrusters to make these corrections and maintain their intended orbits.
