Question: Why is the emergency imposed in 1975 considered the most controversial episode in Indian politics? Highlight any three reasons,
The correct answer:
The emergency imposed in 1975 is considered the most controversial episode in Indian politics due to several reasons. Here are three key reasons:
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Suspension of democracy and civil liberties: The emergency saw the suspension of democracy and civil liberties in India, with Prime Minister Indira Gandhi citing “internal disturbances” as the reason for imposing emergency rule. During this period, political opponents were arrested and imprisoned, media censorship was enforced, and basic freedoms such as the right to free speech and assembly were curtailed. The suspension of democracy and civil liberties was a direct assault on the principles of the Indian Constitution and has been widely criticized as an abuse of power.
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Forced sterilization and human rights violations: Another reason why the emergency is controversial is due to the forced sterilization program initiated by the government. Under the guise of population control, millions of men and women were forcibly sterilized, with reports of coercion, bribery, and abuse of power. The sterilization program was a gross violation of human rights and led to widespread outrage and protests.
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Impact on Indian politics and society: The emergency had a profound impact on Indian politics and society, leading to a polarization of views and deepening of ideological divides. The emergency also led to a decline in the popularity of the ruling Congress party and the rise of opposition forces such as the Janata Party, which went on to form the government in 1977. The emergency also brought to the forefront issues of press freedom, individual rights, and civil liberties, leading to a renewed focus on constitutionalism and democratic principles in India.
