The Nobel prize award was started in 1901 by the Noble Foundation. This award is given in the memory of Swedish scientist Alfred Nobel. It is awarded to those people who have brought the greatest benefit to mankind.
This award is the world’s highest award in the fields of peace, literature, physics, chemistry, medical science and economics. Where each award winner is given a medal, a diploma and a monetary award.
- Who was Alfred Nobel
Alfred Nobel was a scientist. Who made about 355 inventions, including the invention of dynamite. Before his death in December 1896, he reserved a large part of his wealth in a trust.
His wish was that the interest of this money should be awarded every year to those people whose work is most beneficial to mankind.
With the interest of this amount deposited in the bank of Sweden, the Nobel Foundation is awarded every year for the best contribution to peace, literature, physics, chemistry, medical science and economics.
- Nobel Foundation
The Noble Foundation was established on 29 June 1900. Where the Nobel Prizes are financed. The Foundation is a team of 5 people whose head is decided by the King of Council of Sweden.
The remaining 4 people are decided by the trustees of the Prize Distributing Institute, which are given to the winners by the hands of the King of Sweden.
Here are the 10 Nobel prize winners of India:
- Rabindranath Tagore – The Nobel Prize in Literature 1913 (Indian Citizen)
The celebrated Indian poet, musician, and painter, Rabindranath Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for “his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse”. Also called the Bard of Bengal and Gurudev, Tagore was one of the greatest literary figures of India. He composed the national anthems of India and Bangladesh and the national anthem of Sri Lanka is believed to have been inspired from his poetry. Tagore’s songs, poetry, novels, and essays are now cult classics.
- CV Raman – The Nobel Prize in Physics 1930 (Indian Citizen)
Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, or CV Raman as he was better known, won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930 “for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him”. His discovery of what is now known as the “Raman Effect” – the phenomenon of change in wavelength in light rays that are deflected – is a path breaking milestone in the understanding of physics. He was one of the greatest Nobel Prize winners of India.
- Mother Teresa – The Nobel Peace Prize 1979 (Indian Citizen)
Born in the Republic of Macedonia, Mother Teresa moved to India at the age of 19. She spent the rest of her life here as a Roman Catholic nun and as a missionary serving the “poorest of the poor”. Her humanitarian work led her to establish the Missionaries of Charity. Her reputation as the messiah of the poor and the dying brought in aid from all parts of the world and earned her the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. She was canonized by the Roman Church in 2016, 19 years after her death.
- Amartya Sen – The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1998 (Indian Citizen)
In 1998, Amartya Sen was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences “for his contributions to welfare economics”. Born in Manikganj (British India) Sen studied economics and went on to teach the subject in many reputed institutions in both the US and the United Kingdom. One of the greatest Indian Nobel Prize winner, his research papers on economics and social justice, theories of famines, and welfare economics earned him much recognition and many awards including the Nobel Memorial Prize in 1998.
- Kailash Satyarthi – The Nobel Peace Prize 2014 (Indian Citizen)
Kailash Satyarthi from Madhya Pradesh was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014 for his “struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education”. This children’s rights and education activist has dedicated his life away from the spotlight, battling corporates for their use of child labour. He has also brought children’s right of education to the spotlight through his work with UNESCO. He shared this Nobel Peace Prize, 2014 with Malala Yousafzai of Pakistan.
- Har Gobind Khorana – The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1968 (Indian-born Nobel Laureate)
Indian-born American biochemist, Har Gobind Khorana was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1968 along with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley “for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis”. The trio’s research established the fact that nucleotides present in nucleic acids (acting as the carrier of a cell’s genetic code) control the process of synthesis of proteins by the cells.
- Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar – The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983 (Indian-born Nobel Laureate)
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1983 was awarded to Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar for “his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars”. Nephew of another Nobel Laureate, Sir CV Raman, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was born in India but eventually moved to the US. His discoveries led to the establishment of the physical process involved in the evolution of stars. He also determined the upper limit of a white dwarf’s mass; this is referred to as Chandrasekhar limit.
- Venkatraman Ramakrishnan – The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 (Indian-born Nobel Laureate)
Indian-born American-British structural biologist Venkatraman Ramakrishnan was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009 along with Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath, “for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome”. He is currently President of the Royal Society (of London).
- Ronald Ross – The Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine 1902 (Nobel Laureate With Indian Links)
Sir Ronald Ross was born in Almora, part of British India and worked with the Indian Medical Service for a quarter century. Sir Ross enabled us to combat and conquer malaria (which was quite fatal at the time) with his discovery that proved the transmission of the malarial parasite by mosquitoes.
- Rudyard Kipling – The Nobel Prize in Literature 1907 (Nobel Laureate With Indian Links)
Rudyard Kipling, the well-known poet, and writer was born in Bombay (British India). His love of the country where he was born is rather legendary and he is believed to have based a number of his works such as The Jungle Book on his experiences in India. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1907.
- 14th Dalai Lama – The Nobel Peace Prize (Nobel Laureate With Indian Links)
Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th and current Dalai Lama, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989 for “the struggle of the liberation of Tibet and the efforts for a peaceful resolution”. The Dalai Lama has become the face of peace and harmony, the world over while at the same time standing up for his convictions about the Tibet issue.
- V. S. Naipaul – The Nobel Prize in Literature 2001 (Nobel Laureate With Indian Links)
Sir VS Naipaul was the son of Hindu Indians who had immigrated to Trinidad. With over 30 books to his credit, Naipaul was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2001 “for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories”.
- Abhijit Banerjee – The Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences (Nobel Laureate With Indian Links)
The Indian-American economist Abhijit Banerjee was born on February 21, 1961 in Dhule (India). For his experimental work in order to alleviate global poverty, Banerjee is awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with his wife Esther Duflo and Harvard University’s Michel Kremer.
Abhijit and Duflo, 46, together teach economics at MIT, while Kramer is a professor at Harvard University. Duflo is from France and her early education took place in Paris.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which awarded the Nobel Prize, said in its statement, “These winners of the 2019 Economics Prize have produced research that significantly improves our ability to fight global poverty.”.