4. Non-Cooperation Movement (1920)

 Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was the only reason behind the commencement of the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920. It shook Gandhi to the core making him realized that the Britishers were successful in enjoying control over Indians because of the cooperation they are getting from them. This was the moment when he decided to launch a Non-Cooperation Movement. With the support of the Congress and his invincible spirit, he became successful in convincing people that adhering to non-cooperation in a peaceful way is the key to attaining independence. Subsequently, Gandhi framed the concept of Swaraj and since then it became the core element in the Indian freedom struggle. The movement gained momentum and soon, people started boycotting establishments run by the British like schools, colleges, government offices and even courts instead panchayats were established to settle the disputes. But soon this movement was ended by Gandhi himself after it led to Chauri Chaura incident in which 23 police officials were killed.