The degenerative brain illness known as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) impacts movement, balance, eye movements, and swallowing. PSP, often called Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome, is characterised by the degeneration of brain cells in particular regions that regulate movement, coordination, thinking, and other crucial activities. As the condition worsens, it can cause serious complications like potentially fatal ones like pneumonia and swallowing problems. Since there is currently no cure for progressive supranuclear palsy, the main goal of treatment is to control the signs and symptoms and enhance the quality of life for those affected.
Symptoms
- Balance issues and an inclination to regress are frequently present early on in the course of an illness.
- Blurriness, double vision, and poor eye coordination, make it difficult to look downward. Food spills and a perceived lack of involvement in talks due to poor eye contact could be consequences of this visual impairment.
- There are many additional signs and symptoms of progressive supranuclear palsy, some of which can be confused with dementia and Parkinson’s. These signs, which typically worsen with time, consist of:
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- incoordination and stiffness, especially in the neck.
- incidents of falling frequently, especially backward.
- slowness or slurring of speech.
- having trouble swallowing, which could result in gagging or choking.
- sensitive to strong light more easily.
- sleep disruptions.
- loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities.
- Impulsive actions, such as fits of unbridled laughter or sobbing.
- difficulties in decision-making, problem-solving, and thinking.
- having depressive and anxious feelings.
- a surprise or terror look on the face, frequently brought on by tensed facial muscles.
- dizzy episodes.
Causes
Progressive supranuclear palsy’s exact cause is yet not completely known. On the other hand, scientists have discovered some important information on possible underlying causes of PSP.
- Brain Cell Deterioration: Progressive supranuclear palsy is caused by the degeneration of brain cells in particular regions of the brain that regulate movement and thought. PSP symptoms appear as a result of the gradual depletion of these cells.
- Excess tau protein: According to studies, people with PSP have a buildup of the protein tau in their failing brain cells. Other neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, exhibit these tau protein clumps.
- Familial Occurrence: Although uncommon, PSP has occasionally been shown to run in families. However, the disorder’s hereditary component remains unclear, and most individuals with PSP have not inherited the condition.
Treatment
PSP doesn’t presently have a cure, but research into new medicines that can lessen symptoms and stop the condition’s progression is ongoing. The current approach to treating PSP focuses on symptom relief while maximising a patient’s quality of life. A team of health and social care specialists collaborate to offer treatment and care since a person with PSP may be impacted in various ways.
Each patient’s demands will be taken into account while designing their treatment, which may entail:
- medication to treat symptoms like stiffness, balance, and other issues
- physiotherapy can assist with balance and movement issues
- therapy for speech and language issues to aid with swallowing or speech issues
- to assist patients in developing the skills required for daily tasks, occupational therapy
- injections of botulinum toxin or specialised eyewear can aid with vision issues.
- to treat dysphagia, prevent malnutrition, and maintain hydration
