Explain the changes that were observed in India’s occupational structure during the British rule.
Ans.
During the British rule in India, significant changes occurred in the occupational structure, characterized by:
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Decline of Traditional Occupations: Traditional occupations such as agriculture, handicrafts, and artisanal work experienced a decline due to British policies favoring industrialization and the introduction of Western technologies.
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Rise of Commercial Agriculture: British colonial policies promoted commercial agriculture, leading to the emergence of large-scale plantations and commercial farms. This shift displaced many small farmers and traditional agricultural workers, contributing to rural impoverishment.
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Expansion of Administrative and Military Services: The British administration expanded bureaucratic and military services, leading to the growth of administrative and military occupations. These sectors attracted educated Indians seeking employment opportunities and social mobility within the colonial hierarchy.
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Development of Modern Industries: British industrial policies promoted the establishment of modern industries such as textiles, steel, and mining. This led to the growth of industrial occupations, attracting labor from rural areas to urban centers where factories were located.
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Emergence of New Middle Class: The British rule created opportunities for a new middle class comprising professionals, civil servants, merchants, and industrialists. This middle class played a significant role in Indian society and economy, contributing to urbanization, education, and political movements.
